The 1979 Convention, adopted at a conference in Hamburg, was aimed at developing an international SAR plan, so that, no matter where an accident occur, the rescue of persons in straiten at ocean will be co-ordinated by a SAR constitution and, when necessary, by co-operation between neighbouring SAR organizations .
Although the debt instrument of ships to go to the aid of vessels in distress was enshrined both in tradition and in international treaties ( such as the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea ( SOLAS ), 1974 ), there was, until the adoption of the SAR Convention, no international system covering search and rescue operations. In some areas there was a well-established arrangement able to provide aid promptly and efficiently, in others there was nothing at all .
The technical requirements of the SAR Convention are contained in an Annex, which was divided into five Chapters. Parties to the Convention are required to ensure that arrangements are made for the provision of adequate SAR services in their coastal waters.Parties are encouraged to enter into SAR agreements with neighbor States involving the administration of SAR regions, the pool of facilities, establishment of common procedures, training and affair visits. The Convention states that Parties should take measures to expedite entry into its territorial waters of rescue units from early Parties .
The Convention then goes on to establish preparatory measures which should be taken, including the administration of rescue co-ordination centres and subcentres. It outlines operating procedures to be followed in the consequence of emergencies or alerts and during SAR operations. This includes the appellation of an on-scene commander and his duties .
IMO search and rescue areas
Following the adoption of the 1979 SAR Convention, IMO ‘s Maritime Safety Committee divided the global ‘s oceans into 13 search and rescue areas, in each of which the countries concerned have delimited search and rescue regions for which they are responsible .
probationary search and rescue plans for all of these areas were completed when plans for the amerind Ocean were finalized at a league held in Fremantle, Western Australia in September 1998 .
Revision of SAR Convention
The 1979 SAR Convention imposed considerable obligations on Parties – such as setting up the shore installations required – and as a result the Convention was not being ratified by as many countries as some other treaties. evenly significant, many of the populace ‘s coastal States had not accepted the Convention and the obligations it imposed.It was generally agreed that one reason for the small phone number of acceptances and the slow pace of execution was due to problems with the SAR Convention itself and that these could dependable be overcome by amending the Convention .
A revised Annex to the SAR Covnention was adopted in May 1998 and entered ito force in January 2000 .
The revise technical Annex of the SAR Convention clarifies the responsibilities of Governments and puts greater emphasis on the regional approach and co-ordination between nautical and aeronautical SAR operations .
The revised Annex includes five Chapters :
chapter 1 – Terms and Definitions
This chapter updates the original Chapter 1 of the like mention .
Chapter 2 – Organization and Co-ordination
The chapter makes well-defined the responsibilities of Governments. It requires Parties, either individually or in co-operation with early States, to establish basic elements of a search and rescue service, to include :
– legal model ;
– assignment of a responsible assurance ;
– organization of available resources ;
– communication facilities ;
– co-ordination and operational functions ; and
– processes to improve the service including plan, domestic and international co-operative relationships and education .
Parties should establish research and rescue regions within each sea sphere – with the agreement of the Parties refer. Parties then accept responsibility for providing search and rescue services for a stipulate area .
The Chapter besides describes how SAR services should be arranged and national capabilities be developed. Parties are required to establish rescue co-ordination centres and to operate them on a 24-hour footing with train staff who have a work cognition of English .
Parties are besides required to “ ensure the closest feasible co-ordination between maritime and aeronautical services ” .
Chapter 3 – Co-operation between States
Requires Parties to co-ordinate search and rescue organizations, and, where necessary, research and rescue operations with those of neighbouring States. The chapter states that unless otherwise agreed between the States concerned, a Party should authorize, subject to applicable national laws, rules and regulations, immediate introduction into or over its territorial ocean or district for rescue units of other Parties entirely for the aim of search and rescue .
Chapter 4 – Operating Procedures
The chapter says that each RCC ( Rescue Co-ordination Centre ) and RSC ( Rescue Sub-Centre ) should have up-to-date information on search and rescue facilities and communications in the area and should have detailed plans for lead of search and rescue operations. Parties – individually or in co-operation with others should be adequate to of receiving distress alerts on a 24-hour footing. The regulations include procedures to be followed during an emergency and state that search and rescue activities should be coordinated on scene for the most effective results. The chapter says that “ Search and rescue operations shall continue, when feasible, until all reasonable hope of rescuing survivors has passed ” .
Chapter 5 – Ship reporting systems
Includes recommendations on establishing transport reporting systems for search and rescue purposes, noting that existing ship reporting systems could provide adequate information for research and rescue purposes in a given area .
IAMSAR Manual
Concurrently with the revision of the SAR Convention, the IMO and the International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO ) jointly develop and publish the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue ( IAMSAR ) Manual, published in three volumes covering Organization and Management ; Mission Co-ordination ; and Mobile Facilities .
2004 amendments – persons in distress at sea
Adoption : May 2004
Entry into military unit : 1 July 2006
Read more: How Maritime Law Works
The amendments to the Annex to the Convention admit :
– summation of a new paragraph in chapter 2 ( Organization and co-ordination ) relating to definition of persons in distress ;
– raw paragraph in chapter 3 ( Co-operation between States ) relating to assistance to the overcome in delivering persons rescued at sea to a place of safety ; and
– a modern paragraph in chapter 4 ( Operating procedures ) relating to rescue co- ordination centres initiating the march of identifying the most appropriate places for disembarking persons found in straiten at sea .