Nice – Wikipedia

prefecture and commune in Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, France

Nice ( NEESS, french : [ nickel ] ; Niçard : Niça, classical norm, or Nissa, nonstandard, pronounced [ ˈnisa ] ; italian : Nizza [ ˈnittsa ] ; Ancient Greek : Νίκαια ; Latin : Nicaea ) is the one-seventh most populous urban area in France and the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department. The metropolitan area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of closely 1 million [ 2 ] [ 3 ] on an area of 744 km2 ( 287 sq nautical mile ). [ 3 ] Located on the french Riviera, the southeastern coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the animal foot of the french Alps, Nice is the second-largest french city on the Mediterranean slide and second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region after Marseille. Nice is approximately 13 kilometres ( 8.1 nautical mile ) from the principality of Monaco and 30 kilometres ( 19 nautical mile ) from the French–Italian frame. Nice ‘s airport serves as a gateway to the region. The city is nicknamed Nice la Belle ( Nissa La Bella in Niçard ), meaning ‘Nice the Beautiful ‘, which is besides the style of the unofficial hymn of Nice, written by Menica Rondelly in 1912. The area of today ‘s Nice contains Terra Amata, an archaeological site which displays evidence of a identical early use of fire 380,000 years ago. Around 350 BC, Greeks of Marseille founded a permanent liquidation and called it Νίκαια, Nikaia, after Nike, the goddess of victory. [ 4 ] Through the ages, the town has changed hands many times. Its strategic placement and port significantly contributed to its nautical strength. From 1388 it was a dominion of Savoy, then became separate of the french First Republic between 1792 and 1815, when it was returned to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, the legal harbinger of the Kingdom of Italy, until its re-annexation by France in 1860. The lifelike environment of the Nice sphere and its balmy mediterranean climate came to the attention of the English upper classes in the second half of the eighteenth century, when an increasing phone number of aristocratic families took to spending their winters there. In 1931, following its renovation the city ‘s chief seaside promenade, the Promenade des Anglais ( “ Walkway of the English ” ), was inaugurated by Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught ; it owes its name to visitors to the resort. [ 5 ] These included Queen Victoria along with her son Edward VII who spent winters there, american samoa well as Henry Cavendish, born in Nice, who discovered hydrogen. The well-defined air and soft clean have particularly appealed to celebrated painters, such as Marc Chagall, Henri Matisse, Niki de Saint Phalle and Arman. Their work is commemorated in many of the city ‘s museums, including Musée Marc Chagall, Musée Matisse and Musée des Beaux-Arts. [ 6 ] International writers have besides been attracted and inspired by the city. Frank Harris wrote respective books including his autobiography My Life and Loves in Nice. Friedrich Nietzsche spent six consecutive winters in Nice, and wrote Thus Spoke Zarathustra here. additionally, russian writer Anton Chekhov completed his play Three Sisters while be in Nice. Nice ‘s appeal extended to the russian upper classes, Prince Nicholas Alexandrovich, heir apparent to Imperial Russia died in Nice and was a patron of the russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice where Princess Catherine Dolgorukova, morganatic wife of the Tsar Alexander II of Russia, is buried. As are General Dmitry Shcherbachev and General Nikolai Yudenich leaders of the anti-Communist White Movement. Those interred in Nice at the Cimetière du Château, include celebrated jewelry maker Alfred Van Cleef, Emil Jellinek-Mercedes, founder of the Mercedes car party, film director Louis Feuillade, poet Agathe-Sophie Sasserno, dancer Carolina Otero, Asterix comics creator René Goscinny, The Phantom of the Opera generator Gaston Leroux, French prime minister Léon Gambetta, and the first base president of the united states of the International Court of Justice José Gustavo Guerrero. Because of its historic importance as a winter fall back township for the European gentry and the resulting shuffle of cultures found in the city, UNESCO proclaimed Nice a World Heritage Site in 2021. [ 7 ] The city has the second largest hotel capacity in the country, [ 8 ] and it is one of its most travel to cities, receiving 4 million tourists every year. [ 9 ] It besides has the third base busiest airport in France, after the two main parisian ones. [ 10 ] It is the historical capital city of the County of Nice ( french : Comté de Nice, Niçard : Countèa de Nissa ). [ 11 ]

history [edit ]

basis [edit ]

The first known hominid settlements in the Nice area date back about 400,000 years ( homo erectus ) ; [ 12 ] the Terra Amata archaeological locate shows one of the earliest uses of fire, construction of houses, arsenic well as flint findings dated to around 230,000 years ago. [ 13 ] Nice was probably founded around 350 BC by colonists from the Greek city of Phocaea in western Anatolia. It was given the name of Níkaia ( Νίκαια ) in respect of a victory over the neighbor Ligurians ( people from the northwest of Italy, probably the Vediantii kingdom ) ; Nike ( Νίκη ) was the greek goddess of victory. The city soon became one of the busiest trade ports on the Ligurian coast ; but it had an significant rival in the Roman township of Cemenelum, which continued to exist as a distinguish city until the time of the Lombard invasions. [ 11 ] The ruins of Cemenelum are in Cimiez, now a district of Nice .

early growth [edit ]

The Tower of St. François In the seventh hundred, Nice joined the Genoese League formed by the towns of Liguria. In 729 the city repulsed the Saracens ; but in 859 and again in 880 the Saracens pillaged and burned it, and for most of the tenth century remained masters of the surrounding nation. [ 11 ] During the Middle Ages, Nice participated in the wars and history of Italy. As an ally of Pisa it was the foe of Genoa, and both the King of France and the Holy Roman Emperor endeavoured to subjugate it ; but in malice of this it maintained its municipal liberties. During the 13th and 14th centuries the city fell more than once into the hands of the Counts of Provence, [ 11 ] but it regained its independence even though related to Genoa .
Duchy of Savoy ( red ) and other independent italian states in 1494 The chivalric city walls surrounded the Old Town. The landward side was protected by the River Paillon, which was by and by covered over and is now the tramcar route towards the Acropolis. The east side of the township was protected by fortifications on Castle Hill. Another river flowed into the port on the east side of Castle Hill. Engravings suggest that the port area was besides defended by walls. Under Monoprix in Place de Garibaldi are excavated remains of a well-defended city gate on the independent road from Turin. [ citation needed ]

Duchy of Savoy [edit ]

Nice in 1575 Nice in 1624 In 1388, the commune placed itself under the protection of the Counts of Savoy. [ 11 ] Nice participated – directly or indirectly – in the history of Savoy until 1860. [ citation needed ] The nautical strength of Nice now quickly increased until it was able to cope with the Barbary pirates ; the fortifications were largely extended and the roads to the city improved. [ 11 ] In 1561 Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy abolished the use of Latin as an administrative linguistic process and established the italian linguistic process as the official terminology of government affairs in Nice. During the struggle between Francis I and Charles V great damage was caused by the passage of the armies invading Provence ; pestilence and dearth raged in the city for several years. [ 11 ] In 1538, in the nearby town of Villeneuve-Loubet, through the mediation of Pope Paul III, the two monarchs concluded a ten-spot years ‘ armistice. [ 14 ] In 1543, Nice was attacked by the connect Franco-Ottoman forces of Francis I and Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha, in the Siege of Nice ; though the inhabitants repulsed the assault which followed the frightful bombing, they were ultimately compelled to surrender, and Barbarossa was allowed to pillage the city and to carry off 2,500 captives. plague appeared again in 1550 and 1580. [ 11 ] In 1600, Nice was briefly taken by the Duke of Guise. By opening the ports of the county to all nations, and proclaiming full exemption of barter ( 1626 ), the department of commerce of the city was given big stimulation, the noble families taking character in its mercantile enterprises. [ 11 ] Captured by Nicolas Catinat in 1691, Nice was restored to Savoy in 1696 ; but it was again besieged by the french in 1705, and in the come year its bastion and ramparts were demolished. [ 11 ]

Kingdom of Sardinia [edit ]

The Treaty of Utrecht ( 1713 ) once more gave the city bet on to the Duke of Savoy, who was on that lapp occasion recognised as King of Sicily. In the passive years which followed, the “ newfangled township ” was built. From 1744 until the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ( 1748 ) the french and Spaniards were again in possession. In 1775 the king, who in 1718 had swapped his sovereignty of Sicily for the Kingdom of Sardinia, destroyed all that remained of the ancient liberties of the commune. Conquered in 1792 by the armies of the First French Republic, the County of Nice continued to be contribution of France until 1814 ; but after that date it reverted to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. [ 11 ]

french Nice [edit ]

Nice in 1833 A map of the County of Nice showing the area of the Kingdom of Sardinia annex in 1860 to France ( light embrown ). The loss area was already character of France before 1860 . Nice in 1914 After the Treaty of Turin was signed in 1860 between the Sardinian king and Napoleon III as a consequence of the Plombières Agreement, the county was again and definitively ceded to France as a territorial advantage for french aid in the second gear Italian War of Independence against Austria, which saw Lombardy unite with Piedmont-Sardinia. The cession was ratified by a regional referendum : over 25,000 electors out of a total of 30,700 were in privilege of the attachment to France. [ 11 ] This event caused the Niçard exodus, that was the emigration of a draw of the Niçard Italians to Italy. [ 15 ] Savoy was besides transferred to the french crown by exchangeable means. Giuseppe Garibaldi, born in Nice, opposed the cession to France, arguing that the vote was rigged by the french. many Italians from Nizza then moved to the Ligurian towns of Ventimiglia, Bordighera and Ospedaletti, [ 16 ] giving rise to a local outgrowth of the movement of the italian irredentists which considered the re-acquisition of Nice to be one of their patriot goals. In 1900, the Tramway de Nice electrified its horse-drawn streetcars and spread its network to the stallion département from Menton to Cagnes-sur-Mer. By the 1930s more bus connections were added in the area. [ citation needed ] In the 1930s, Nice hosted external car racing in the Formula Libre ( harbinger to Formula One ) on the alleged Circuit Nice. The circuit started along the waterfront just south of the Jardin Albert I, then headed westward along the Promenade des Anglais followed by a hairpin twist at the Hotel Negresco to come back east and around the Jardin Albert I before heading again east along the beach on the Quai des Etats-Unis. [ 17 ] As war broke out in September 1939, Nice became a city of refuge for many move foreigners, notably Jews fleeing the national socialist progress into Eastern Europe. From Nice many sought farther shelter in the french colonies, Morocco and North and South America. After July 1940 and the constitution of the Vichy Regime, anti-semitic aggressions accelerated the exodus, starting in July 1941 and continuing through 1942. On 26 August 1942, 655 Jews of foreign origin were rounded up by the Laval government and interned in the Auvare barracks. Of these, 560 were deported to Drancy imprisonment camp on 31 August 1942. Due to the action of the jewish banker Angelo Donati and of the Capuchin friar Père Marie-Benoît the local anesthetic authorities hindered the application of anti-Jewish Vichy laws. [ 18 ] The first résistants to the new government were a group of High School seniors of the Lycée de Nice, now Lycée Masséna [ francium ], in September 1940, later arrested and executed in 1944 near Castellane. The first public demonstrations occurred on 14 July 1942 when several hundred protesters took to the streets along the Avenue de la Victoire and in the Place Masséna. In November 1942 German troops moved into most of unoccupied France, but italian troops moved into a smaller zone including Nice. A certain ambivalence remained among the population, many of whom were late immigrants of italian ancestry. however, the resistance gained momentum after the italian surrender in 1943 when the german army occupied the early italian zone. Reprisals intensified between December 1943 and July 1944, when many partisans were tortured and executed by the local anesthetic Gestapo and the french Milice. american paratroopers entered the city on 30 August 1944 and Nice was finally liberated. The consequences of the war were grave : the population decreased by 15 % [ citation needed ] and economic life was wholly disrupted. In the second half of the twentieth hundred, Nice enjoyed an economic boom primarily driven by tourism and construction. Two men dominated this menstruation : jean Médecin, mayor for 33 years from 1928 to 1943 and from 1947 to 1965, and his son Jacques, mayor for 24 years from 1966 to 1990. Under their leadership, there was across-the-board urban reclamation, including many fresh constructions. These included the convention center, theatres, new thoroughfares and expressways. The arrival of the Pieds-Noirs, refugees from Algeria after 1962 independence, besides gave the city a rise and slightly changed the makeup of its population and traditional views. [ citation needed ] By the late 1980s, rumors of political corruption in the city government surfaced ; and finally courtly accusations against Jacques Médecin forced him to flee France in 1990. late arrested in Uruguay in 1993, he was extradited back to France in 1994, convicted of several counts of corruptness and associated crimes and sentenced to imprisonment. On 16 October 1979, a landslide and an submarine slide caused two tsunami that hit the western slide of Nice ; these events killed between 8 and 23 people. In February 2001, european leaders met in Nice to negotiate and sign what is now the treaty of Nice, amending the institutions of the European Union. [ 19 ] In 2003, local Chief Prosecutor Éric de Montgolfier alleged that some discriminative cases involving local personalities had been suspiciously derailed by the local judiciary, which he suspected of having unhealthy contacts through Masonic lodges with the defendants. A controversial official report stated by and by that Montgolfier had made indefensible accusations. [ citation needed ] On 14 July 2016, a truck was intentionally driven into a crowd of people by Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel on the Promenade des Anglais. The crowd was watching a firework display in celebration of Bastille Day. [ 20 ] A total of 87 people were killed, including the perpetrator, who was shot dead by patrol. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] Another 434 were injured, with 52 in critical manage and 25 in intensive manage, according to the Paris prosecutor. [ 23 ] On 29 October 2020, a stabbing attack killed three people at the local Notre-Dame de Nice. One of the victims, a woman, was beheaded by the attacker. [ 24 ] several extra victims were injured. The attacker, who was shot by the police, was taken into custody. The Islamic state claimed duty for both attacks. [ 25 ] In 2021, the city was proclaimed a World Heritage Site by UNESCO as “ Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera ”. [ 7 ]

architecture [edit ]

Panorama of Nice from Colline du Château view of the honest-to-god town The Promenade des Anglais ( “ Promenade of the English ” ) is a promenade along the Baie des Anges ( “ Bay of the Angels ” ), which is a bay of the Mediterranean in Nice. Before Nice was urbanised, the coastline at Nice was good bordered by a abandon stretch of shingle beach ( covered with large pebbles ). The foremost houses were located on higher ground well away from the ocean, as affluent tourists visiting Nice in the eighteenth century did not come for the beach, but for the gentle winter weather. [ citation needed ] The areas close to the water were home to Nice ‘s dockworkers and fishermen. In the second half of the eighteenth hundred, many affluent english people took to spending the winter in Nice, enjoying the panorama along the coast. This early aristocratic English colony conceived the build of a parade with the leadership and fiscal support of Rev. Lewis Way. [ 26 ] With the initial promenade completed, the city of Nice, intrigued by the prospect, greatly increased the scope of the work. The Promenade was first called the Camin dei Anglès ( the English Way ) by the Niçois in their native dialect Nissart. In 1823, the promenade was named La Promenade des Anglais by the french, a name that would stick after the annexation of Nice by France in 1860. [ 27 ] The Hotel Negresco on the Promenade des Anglais was named after Henri Negresco ( 1868–1920 ) who had the palatial hotel constructed in 1912. In keeping with the conventions of the time, when the Negresco first opened in 1913 its front man opened on the side opposite the Mediterranean. [ citation needed ] Another home worth mention is the small street parallel to the Promenade des Anglais, leading from Nice ‘s business district, beginning at Place Masséna and running analogue to the parade in the steering of the airport for a short circuit distance of about 4 blocks. This section of the city is referred to as the “ Zone Pietonne ”, or “ pedestrian zone ”. Cars are not allowed ( with exception to delivery trucks ), making this avenue a popular walk. Old Nice is besides home to the Opéra de Nice. It was constructed at the end of the nineteenth century under the plan of François Aune, to replace King Charles Félix ‘s Maccarani Theater. nowadays, it is open to the public and provides a regular platform of performances .

religious [edit ]

Museums [edit ]

Squares [edit ]

rate Masséna [edit ]

scene of the Place Masséna place Masséna by night, 2012 The Place Masséna is the chief squarely of the city. Before the Paillon River was covered over, the Pont-Neuf was the alone operable means between the old township and the modern one. The public square was frankincense divided into two parts ( North and South ) in 1824. With the destruction of the Masséna Casino in 1979, the Place Masséna became more roomy and less dense and is now bordered by red ocher buildings of italian architecture. The holocene rebuild of the tramline gave the hearty back to the pedestrians, restoring its condition as a real Mediterranean square. It is lined with palm trees and stone pines, alternatively of being the orthogonal carousel of sorts it had become over the years. Since its construction, the Place Masséna has always been the touch for great public events. It is used for concerts, and particularly during the summer festivals, the Corso carnavalesque ( carnival parade ) in February, the military procession of 14 July ( Bastille Day ) or early traditional celebrations and banquets. The Place Masséna is a two-minute walk from the Promenade des Anglais, erstwhile town, town center, and Albert I Garden ( Jardin Albert Ier ). It is besides a big crossroads between several of the main streets of the city : avenue Jean Médecin, avenue Félix Faure, boulevard Jean Jaurès, avenue de Verdun and rue Gioffredo .

rate Garibaldi [edit ]

Garibaldi ‘s repository, Place Garibaldi The Place Garibaldi besides stands out for its architecture and history. It is named after Giuseppe Garibaldi, hero of the italian union ( born in Nice in 1807 when Nice was partially of the Napoleonic Empire, before reverting to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia ). The squarely was built at the end of the eighteenth hundred and served as the entrance gate to the city and end of the road from Turin. It took several names between 1780 and 1870 ( Plaça Pairoulièra, Place de la République, Place Napoléon, Place d’Armes, Place Saint-Augustin, Piazza Vittorio ) and ultimately Place Garibaldi in September 1870. A statue of Garibaldi, who was fiercely in favor of the union of Nice with Italy, stands in the center of the square. The holocene rebuilding of the area to accommodate the fresh tramway line gave largely the entire squarely to pedestrians. The architecture is in line with the Turin model, which was the average of urban refilling throughout the entire kingdom of the House of Savoy .
set Garibaldi, pedestrian since the initiation of the Nice tramway. It is a crossroads between the Vieux Nice ( previous town ) and the town centre. Place Garibaldi is close to the easterly districts of Nice, Port Lympia ( Lympia Harbour ), and the TNL commercial center. This square is besides a junction of several significant streets : the boulevard Jean-Jaurès, the avenue de la République, the rue Cassini and the rue Catherine-Ségurane .

place Rossetti [edit ]

wholly enclosed and pedestrianised, this square is located in the heart of the old town. With distinctive buildings in crimson and yellow ochres surrounding the hearty, the cathédrale Sainte-Réparate and the fountain in the center, place Rossetti is a must-see spotlight in the old town. By day, the place is invaded by the terraces of traditional restaurants and the finest ice-cream makers. By night, the environment changes radically, with tourists and youths flocking to the square, where music reverberates on the walls of the little square. The square ‘s light at night gives it a charming expression. plaza Rossetti is in the center of the honest-to-god town, streets Jesus, Rossetti, Mascoïnat and the Pont-vieux ( old bridge )

Cours Saleya [edit ]

Saleya Course ( 2007 ) The Cours Saleya is situated parallel to the Quai des États-Unis. In the past, it belonged to the upper classes. It is probably the most traditional square of the township, with its casual flower market. The Cours Saleya besides opens on the Palais des Rois Sardes ( Palace of the Kings of Sardinia ). In the present, the court is largely a place of entertainment .

place du Palais [edit ]

station du Palais view of the Rusca palace As its list indicates, the Place du Palais is where the Palais de la Justice ( Law courts ) of Nice is located. On this square, there besides is the Palais Rusca, which besides belongs to the justice department ( home of the tribunal de grande instance ). The square is besides luminary ascribable to the presence of the city clock. today, the Place du Palais is alert day and night. Often, groups of youths will hangout on the steps leading to the Palais de la Justice. Concerts, films, and other major populace events frequently occur in this space. It is situated halfway between the Cours Saleya and Place Masséna .

administration [edit ]

The Palais de Justice Located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur area, Nice is a commune and the prefecture ( administrative capital ) of the Alpes-Maritimes département. however, it is besides the largest city in France that is not a regional capital ; the much larger Marseille is its regional capital. christian Estrosi, its mayor, is a penis of the Republicans ( once the Union for a Popular Movement ), the party supporting former President Nicolas Sarkozy. The city is divided into nine cantons : Nice-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 .

coat of arms [edit ]

Arms of the County of Nice The Coat of Arms of Nice appeared for the beginning time in a imitate of the Regulations of Amadeus VIII, credibly written around 1430. [ 28 ] The Nice is symbolised by a loss eagle on silver background, placed on three mountains, which can be described in french heraldic speech as “ d’argent à une aigle de gueule posée sur trois coupeaux ”. [ 28 ] ( “ Upon eloquent a bolshevik eagle is displayed, posed upon three mounds. ” ) The arms have only undergo minor changes : the eagle has become more and more stylize, it nowadays “ wears ” a coronet for the County of Nice, and the three mountains are now surrounded by a stylize sea. [ 28 ] The presence of the eagle, an imperial emblem, shows that these arms are related to the might of the House of Savoy. The eagle standing over the three hills is a depiction of Savoy, referring to its domination over the nation around Nice. [ 28 ] The combination of silver and crimson ( argent and gules ) is a citation to the color of the masthead of Savoy. [ 28 ] The three mountains symbolise a territorial award, without concern for geographic realism. [ 28 ]

geography [edit ]

Nice consists of two big bays. Villefranche-sur-Mer sits on an enclosed bay, while the chief area of the city lies between the old port city and the Aeroport de Côte d’Azur, across a lightly curving bay. The city rises from the flat beach into easy rising hills, then is bounded by surrounding mountains that represent the Southern and about the westerly extent of the Ligurian Alps range .

Flora [edit ]

The natural vegetation of Nice is distinctive for a Mediterranean landscape, with a heavy representation of broadleaf evergreen shrubs. Trees tend to be scattered but human body dense forests in some areas. Large native corner species include evergreens such as holm oak, gem pine and arbutus. many introduce species grow in parks and gardens. Palms, eucalyptus and citrus fruits are among the trees which give Nice a subtropical appearance. But there are besides species familiar to temperate areas around the world ; examples include horse chestnut, basswood and even Norway spruce .

climate [edit ]

Nice has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csa ), enjoying balmy winters with chasten rain. It is one of the warmest mediterranean climates for its latitude. Summers are strong to hot, dry, and cheery. Rainfall is rare in this season, and a distinctive July month only records one or two days with measurable rain. The temperature is typically above 26 °C ( 79 °F ) but rarely above 32 °C ( 90 °F ). The climate data is recorded from the airport, located just metres from the ocean. Summer temperatures, therefore, are much higher in the city. The average utmost temperature in the warmest months of July and August is about 27 °C ( 81 °F ). The highest record temperature was 37.7 °C ( 99.9 °F ) on 1 August 2006. Autumn by and large starts cheery in September and become more cloudy and showery towards October, while temperatures normally remain above 20 °C ( 68 °F ) until November where days start to cool down to around 17 °C ( 63 °F ). Winters are characterised by meek days ( 11 to 17 °C ( 52 to 63 °F ) ), cool nights ( 4 to 9 °C ( 39 to 48 °F ) ), and variable weather. Days can be either cheery and dry or damp and showery. The average minimum temperature in January is about 5 °C ( 41 °F ). Frost is unusual and snowfalls are rare. The most recent snow in Nice was on 26 February 2018. [ 29 ] Nice besides received a scatter of snow in 2005, 2009 and 2010. spring starts cool and showery in late March, and Nice becomes increasingly warmly and cheery around June .

Nice seen from Spot Satellite

economy and tourism [edit ]

Nice is the seat of the Chambre de department of commerce et d’industrie Nice Côte d’Azur, which manages the Port of Nice. Investors from France and overseas can benefit from the aid of the Côte d’Azur Economic Development Agency Team Côte d’Azur. Nice has one league center : the Palais des Congrès Acropolis. The city besides has respective business parks, including l’Arenas, Nice the Plain, Nice Méridia, Saint Isidore, and the Northern Forum. In summation, the city features several shopping centres such as Nicetoile, Nice TNL, Nice Lingostière, Northern Forum, St-Isidore, the Trinity ( around the Auchan hypermarket ), Cap3000 in Saint-Laurent-du-Var and Polygone Riviera in Cagnes-sur-Mer. Sophia Antipolis is a engineering ballpark northwest of Antibes. Much of the park is within the commune of Valbonne. Established between 1970 and 1984, it chiefly houses companies in the fields of computing, electronics, pharmacology and biotechnology. respective institutions of higher memorize are besides located hera, along with the european headquarters of W3C. The Nice metropolitan area had a GDP amounting to $ 47.7 billion, and $ 34,480 per head, [ 34 ] slightly lower than the french average .

transportation [edit ]

larboard [edit ]

port of Nice The main port of Nice is besides known as Lympia port. This name comes from the Lympia spring which fed a small lake in a boggy partition where sour on the port was started in 1745. [ citation needed ] today this is the principal harbor initiation of Nice – there is besides a small port in the Carras zone. The port is the first port cementum manufacturer in France, linked to the treatment plants of the rollers of the valley of Paillon. Fishing activities remain but the number of professional fishermen is now less than 10. [ citation needed ] Nice, being the point of continental France nearest to Corsica, has ferry connections with the island developed with the arrival of NGV ( navires à grande vitesse ) or high-speed craft. The connections are provided by Corsica Ferries – Sardinia Ferries. Located in movement of the port, the Place Cassini has been renamed Place of Corsica .

airport [edit ]

Nice Côte d’Azur Airport is the third busiest airport in France after Charles de Gaulle Airport and Orly Airport, both near Paris. It is on the Promenade des Anglais, near l’Arénas and has two terminals. Due to its proximity to the Principality of Monaco, it besides serves as that city–state ‘s airport. A helicopter service provided by Heli Air Monaco and Monacair links the city and airport. It is run by the ACA ( Aéroports Côte d’Azur ), which includes Cannes – Mandelieu Airport and La Môle – Saint-Tropez Airport. Public fare into the city proper is serviced by the Tramway line 2 ( T2 ) .

track [edit ]

The independent railway station is Nice-Ville, served both by high speed TGV trains connecting Paris and Nice in less than 6 hours and by local commuter TER services. Marseille is reached in 2.5 hours. Nice besides has external connections to Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, and Russia. [ 35 ] Nice is besides served by respective suburban stations including Nice St-Augustin, Nice St-Roch and Nice Riquier. Nice is besides the southerly destination of the independently run Chemins de Fer de Provence railway line which connects the city with Digne in approximatively 4 hours. A metro-like suburban service is besides provided on the southern character of the line .

tramcar [edit ]

Tramway de Nice began operating horse-drawn trams in 1879. Electrified in 1900, the compound length of the network reached 144 kilometer ( 89+1⁄2 nautical mile ) by 1930. The successor of trams with trolleybuses began in 1948 and was completed in 1953. In 2007, the new Tramway de Nice linked the northern and easterly suburbs via the city kernel. Two other lines are presently operating. The second line runs east–west from Jean Médecin to the Nice Côte d’Azur Airport and reaches the Port, while the one-third line provides a connection to the future TGV Nice Saint-Augustin and to Lingostière railway place. [ 36 ] A fourth cable is set to run from the future TGV Nice Saint-Augustin to Cagnes-sur-Mer .

road [edit ]

The A8 autoroute and the Route nationale 7 spend through the Nice agglomeration .

Sports and entertainment [edit ]

sport [edit ]

population [edit ]

As of 2017, the metropolitan area ( unité urbaine ) of Nice, defined by INSEE, is home to 942,886 inhabitants ( one-sixth most populous in France ) and its urban area ( aire urbaine ) totals 1,006,201 inhabitants, which makes it the seventh largest in France. [ 40 ] Since the 1970s, the number of inhabitants has not changed significantly ; the relatively high migration to Nice is balanced by a natural negative growth of the population .

lookout [edit ]

horizon of the Bischoffsheim cupola, the main cupola of Nice Observatory The Observatoire de Nice ( Nice Observatory ) is located on the summit of Mont Gros. The observatory was established in 1879 by the banker Raphaël Bischoffsheim. The architect was Charles Garnier ; Gustave Eiffel designed the main dome. The 76-cm ( 30-inch ) refractor telescope that became operational in 1888 was at that time the universe ‘s largest telescope .

polish [edit ]

Terra-Amata, an archaeological web site dating from the Lower Palaeolithic historic period, is situated near Nice. Nice itself was established by the ancient Greeks. There was besides an independent Roman city, Cemenelum, near Nice, where the hill of Cimiez is located. It is an archaeological web site with treasures, of which merely a minor part has been excavated. The excavate site includes thermal baths, arenas and Roman road. [ citation needed ] Since the second century AD, the alight of the city has attracted painters and sculptors such as Chagall, Matisse, Niki de Saint Phalle, Klein, Arman and Sosno. Nice inspired many composers and intellectuals in different countries e.g. Berlioz, Rossini, Nietzsche, etc. Nice besides has numerous museums of all kinds : Musée Marc Chagall, Musée Matisse ( arenas of Cimiez containing Roman ruins ), Musée des Beaux-Arts, Musée external d’Art naïf Anatole Jakovsky, Musée Terra-Amata, Museum of Asian Art, Musée d’art moderne et d’art contemporain which devotes much space to the well-known École of Nice ” ), Museum of Natural History, Musée Masséna, Naval Museum and Galerie des Ponchettes. Being a vacation recourse, Nice hosts many festivals throughout the class, such as the Nice Carnival and the Nice Jazz Festival. Nice has a distinct culture due to its alone history. The local speech Niçard (Nissart) is an provencal dialect ( but some italian scholars argue that it is a Ligurian dialect ). [ citation needed ] It is hush spoken by a solid minority [ citation needed ]. Strong italian and ( to a lesser extent ) Corsican influences make it more apprehensible to speakers of italian than other extant Provençal dialects. In the past, Nice welcomed many immigrants from Italy ( who continue to make up a big proportion of the population ), a well as spanish and portuguese immigrants. however, in the past few decades immigration has been opened to include immigrants from all over the world, peculiarly those from former Northern and western African colonies, american samoa well as southeast Asia [ citation needed ]. Traditions are silent alive, particularly in folk music music and dances, including the farandole – an acyclic community dance. Since 1860 a cannon ( based at the Château east of Old Nice ) is shot at twelve o’clock sharp. The detonation can be heard about all over the city. This custom goes back to Sir Thomas Coventry, who intended to remind the citizens of having lunch on prison term. [ 41 ]

cuisine [edit ]

The cuisine of Nice is particularly close to those of Provence but besides Liguria and Piedmont and uses local anesthetic ingredients ( olive anoint, anchovies, fruit and vegetables ) but besides those from more distant regions, in particular from Northern Europe, because ships which came to pick up olive oil arrived full of food products, such as dry haddock. Nice has a few local dishes. There is a local anesthetic tart made with onions and anchovies ( or anchovy paste ), named “ Pissaladière “. Socca is a character of pancake made from chickpea flour. Farcis niçois is a dish made from vegetables stuffed with a mix of breadcrumb, kernel ( by and large blimp and anchor beef ), and herb ; and salade niçoise is a tomato salad with park peppers of the “ Corne ” diverseness, baked eggs, tuna or anchovies, and olives. local kernel comes from neighbouring valleys, such as the sheep of Sisteron. Local fish, such as mullets, bream, ocean urchins, and anchovies ( alevins ) are used to a great extent, then much so that it has given parentage to a proverb : “ fish are born in the sea and die in oil ”. [ 42 ] Examples of Niçois specialties include :

Flower Parade [edit ]

education [edit ]

International relations [edit ]

Nice is twinned with : [ 43 ]

noteworthy people [edit ]

honorary citizens [edit ]

People awarded the honorary citizenship of Nice are :

See besides [edit ]

References [edit ]

further read [edit ]

• Sykes, Colonel. “Statistics of Nice Maritime.” Journal of the Statistical Society of London 18.1 (1855): 34–73. online
• Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). “Diocese of Nice” Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.