AP World History Modern Unit 4 1450-1750 (Maritime Empires) Flashcards | CourseNotes

16212388677 Charters Documents granting the right to organize settlements in an area 0 16212388678 Mercantilism An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by strictly regulating the economy to obtain large amounts of gold and silver by selling more goods than they bought and utilizing colonies 1 16212388679 Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal’s colonial empire. 2 16212388680 Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) It was perhaps the peak of Chinese civilization with 300 years of peace and prosperity. They improved the Grand Canal, made great porcelain, and under Yong Le encouraged exploration. They also built the Forbidden City in the capital of Beijing. After Yong Le rulers would reject exploration. The Ming would participate in the Global Silver Trade, starting in the mid-1500s, as an eager buyer of silver. However, they will be overthrown by the Manchu. 3 16212388681 Portuguese Empire took an early lead in European exploration (sponsored by Prince Henry); went East and established trading posts in West Africa, East Africa (Swahili City States) and India for spice trade 4 16212388682 maritime on or near the sea 5 16212388683 Global Silver Trade Silver trade between the Americas and Europe and onward to China from the 16th to 18th centuries. It had a profound effect on the world economy and silver trade could also be considered the beginning of the global economy. 6 16212388684 Spanish Empire Made up of territories and colonies in Europe, Africa, and Asia controlled from Spain. At its strongest, it was one of the biggest empires in world history according to how much land they had, and one of the 1st global empires. Royalty from the Castile and Aragon kingdoms ruled it. Christopher Columbus led the first Spanish exploration trip which led them to colonizing in the Americas. 7 16212388685 plantation agriculture Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop. 8 16212388686 cash crop a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower. 9 16212388687 Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade The forced migration of between 12 – 15 million people from Africa to the Western Hemisphere from the middle of the 15th century to the end of the 19th century. 10 16212388688 indigenous native to a certain area 11 16212388689 Encomienda System It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people (but generally exploited them) and convert them to Christianity. It was a form of coercive labor. 12 16212388690 Tokugawa Shogunate was a semi-feudal government of Japan in which one of the shoguns unified the country under his family’s rule. They moved the capital to Edo, which now is called Tokyo. They isolated Japan from foreign influences. This family ruled from Edo 1868, when it was abolished during the Meiji Restoration. 13 16212388691 Closed Country Edict Was a document that restricted Japanese to only certain times when the Japanese could trade and intervene with the outside world 14 16212388692 syncretic religion Combines two religious traditions into something distinctly new, while containing traits of both (ex: voodoo, santeria) 15 16212388693 Dutch East India Company Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies. 16 16212388694 British East India Company set up trading posts in India in the 1600s, beginning the British economic interest there 17 16212388695 joint-stock company A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors. 18 16212388696 Columbian Exchange The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus’s voyages. 19 16212388697 Smallpox A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, weakness, and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs; responsible for killing Native Americans. 20 16212388698 coercive labor Any labor system that involves force (slavery, serfdom, and encomienda) 21 16212388699 Aztec Empire Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the fifteenth century during the reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I. 22 16212388700 Inca Empire Empire in Peru. conquered by Pizarro, who began an empire for the Spanish in 1535 23 16212388701 Voodoo syncretic belief system that combines traditional African religious beliefs with elements of Christianity. 24 16212388702 Santeria Cuban religion that combines Catholic and West African beliefs 25 16212388703 Candomble African religious ideas and practices in Brazil, particularly among the Yoruba people. 26 16212388704 Maroon Societies Communities formed by escaped slaves in the Caribbean, Latin American. and the United States. 27 16212388705 Slave Rebellions Slaves resisted by working slowly, damaging goods, or running away; one of the largest uprisngs in the US was the German Coast Rebellion of 1811 in Louisiana; Nat Turner led a revolt in Virginia in 1831; Southern slaveowners enforced strict slave codes severe punishments and made it illegal to help run-away slaves; 28 16212388706 Caravel A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. 29 16212388707 Kongo Central African state that began trading with the Portuguese around 1500; although their kings, such as King Affonso I (r. 1506-1543), converted to Christianity, they nevertheless suffered from the slave trade. 30 16212388708 Asante Kingdom kingdom that emerged in the 1700s in present-day Ghana and was active in the slave trade 31 16212388709 compass an instrument containing a magnetized pointer that shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it. 32 16212388710 Creoles In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. 33 16212388711 Mestizos and Mulattoes People with mixed races between European and Latin American or African descent 34