however, as per this jurisprudence, a specific limit or limit has been provided to each country to define the view of marine business and commercial activities, including all kinds of jurisdictions .
There are 5 crucial terms which each mariner should know under UNCLOS. They are :
1. Territorial sea
2. Contiguous zone
3. Exclusive economic zone
4. Continental shelf
5. High Sea
Territorial sea
According to UNCLOS, the territorial sea can be defined as the area which extends up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline of a nation ’ s coastal state. The territorial ocean is under the jurisdiction of that particular area ; however, foreign ships ( both merchant and military ) ships are allowed passage through it .
This type of passing of territorial passage of alien ships is known as an innocent passage. however, the correct to the innocent passing can be suspended if there is a terror to the security of the coastal state .
The coastal state can besides exercise jurisdiction if
- Any kind of activities in the territorial vessel has consequences extending to the coastal state
- There is a threat to the peace of the coastal country
- There is illicit traffic or smuggling of drug
Contiguous Zone:
The conterminous partition can be defined as the belt which extends 12 nautical miles beyond the territorial sea restrict.
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A coastal state ’ randomness control on this sphere is limited to prevention of actions which can infringe its customs, fiscal, and immigration laws. It can besides act if any activity in the contiguous partition threatens regulations in the territorial sea .
It is possible that vessels carrying noxious dangerous substances or waste may be turned away on public health or environmental grounds .
Exclusive economic zone
The single economic zone can be defined as a belt of water which extends up to 200 nautical miles from the baseline of the coastal state. Thus it includes both territorial sea and adjacent partition .
The exclusive economic zone provides the coastal state control over all economic resources such as fish, mine, petroleum exploration, and marine research .
The coastal express besides has jurisdiction regarding protective covering and preservation of natural resources and marine environment .
Continental Shelf
The continental ledge can be defined as the area whose outer limit shall not exceed 350 nautical miles from the service line or shall not exceed 100 nautical miles from the 2500 meters isobath .
The coastal state has exclusive rights for exploring and exploiting its natural resources in this area. The state besides has the single rights to authorize and regulate drill on the shelf for all purposes .
High Seas
high seas can be defined as the depart of the sea that is not included in the single economic zone, in the territorial ocean, or in the inner waters of a coastal department of state or archipelagic waters of an archipelagic state .
high seas are open to all states for exemption of navigation, freedom of over flight, exemption to construct artificial islands facility, exemption of fish, and exemption of scientific inquiry.
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high seas are reserved for passive navigation through external waters. however, regulations have been made to avoid prevention of slave trade, piracy, capture of ships, illicit narcotics trafficking and unauthorized broadcast medium .
