( one ) on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft ; ( two ) against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the legal power of any State ; ( bel ) any act of voluntary engagement in the mathematical process of a embark or of an aircraft with cognition of facts making it a commandeer ship or aircraft ; ( c ) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph ( a ) or ( b-complex vitamin ). Defining Armed Robbery against ships resolution A.1025 ( 26 ) ( Annex, paragraph 2.2 ) on IMO ‘s Code of Practice for the Investigation of the Crimes of Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships, determines that armed robbery against ships consists of any of the follow acts : ( a ) any illegal act of violence or detention or any act of ravage, or menace thereof, other than an act of piracy, committed for secret ends and directed against a ship or against persons or place on board such a transport, within a State ‘s home waters, archipelagic waters and territorial sea ; ( b ) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described above. ” For extra data and the United Nation ‘s definitions of internal waters, archipelagic waters and territorial ocean, please refer to UNCLOS, Part II : territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone. IMO Piracy reports IMO issues incident reports on piracy and armed robbery against ships using data submitted by Member Governments and appropriate external organizations, with the first reports being published in 1982. Since July 2002, IMO ‘s monthly and annual plagiarism and armed looting reports classify individually any report acts or undertake acts of piracy ( international waters ) and arm robbery against ships ( territorial waters ). The reports, which include among early things, the names and a description of ships attacked, side and date/time of incidents, consequences to the crowd, ship or cargo, and actions taken by the crew and coastal authorities, are circulated monthly, followed by a comprehensive annual reputation, published at the beginning of the second quarter of the subsequent year. Additional information regarding acts of plagiarism and armed looting against ships is publicly available ( topic to registration ) in IMO ‘s Piracy and Armed Robbery module within the Organization ‘s Global Integrated Shipping Information System ( GISIS ). Regional cooperation regional cooperation among States has an significant role to play in solving the problem of plagiarism and armed looting against ships, as evidenced by the success of the regional anti-piracy and armed looting agreement and refer operations in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, to which IMO provided and continues to provide aid, throughout the development and implementation processes. The Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against ships in Asia ( RECAAP ), which was concluded in November 2004 by 16 countries in Asia, entered into force out in September 2006 and encompasses the RECAAP Information Sharing Centre ( ISC ) for facilitating the sharing of piracy and armed robbery associate information, is a dear model of a cohesive and successful regional cooperation structure, which IMO seeks to replicate elsewhere around the World. In late years, particular concentrate has been placed on piracy and armed robbery at ocean in the Gulf of Aden and the across-the-board Western Indian Ocean, a well as on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa. While progress has been made recently in those regions to eradicate plagiarism, armed looting and other illegitimate maritime activities, ships are urged to remain argus-eyed when navigating through those regions, since the menace of plagiarism is not “ eliminated ”, noting in detail the increasingly delicate position ashore in Somalia.
Countering Somalia-based piracy In January 2009, an important regional agreement was adopted in Djibouti by States in the area, at a high-level meeting convened by IMO. The Djibouti Code of Conduct ( DCoC ) concerning the repression of Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in the westerly indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden recognizes the extent of the problem of plagiarism and armed looting against ships in the region and, in it, the signatories declare their intention to cooperate to the fullest possible extent, and in a manner consistent with international police, in the repression of piracy and armed looting against ships. The signatories commit themselves towards sharing and reporting relevant data through a system of national focal points and information centres ; interdicting ships suspected of engaging in acts of plagiarism or armed robbery against ships ; ensuring that persons committing or attempting to commit acts of plagiarism or armed looting against ships are apprehended and prosecuted ; and facilitating proper wish, treatment, and repatriation for seafarers, fishermen, other shipboard personnel and passengers subject to acts of plagiarism or armed robbery against ships, particularly those who have been subjected to ferocity. For extra information on the Djibouti Code of Conduct ( DCoC ) suction stop hera. Countering West Africa-based piracy IMO and the Maritime Organization of West and Central Africa ( MOWCA ), in July 2008, developed the Memorandum of Understanding on the establishment a sub-regional integrate Coast Guard Function Network in West and Central Africa and provide a framework of cooperation and guidance for the implementation of the Network. The MoU which has been signed by 15 coastal States in the region aims to initiate roast efforts in the domain of maritime activities to protect homo animation, enforce laws and improve the guard and security of the environment. For extra information on the IMO/MOWCA MoU click here. More recently the Code of Conduct concerning the repression of piracy, armed looting against ships, and illicit maritime activity in west and central Africa was formally adopted by a Heads of State meet in Cameroon ‘s capital Yaoundé, on 25 June 2013, and was signed by ministerial level representatives of 22 States immediately afterwards. The Code builds on the existing Memorandum of Understanding on the integrated coastguard function network in west and cardinal Africa and incorporates a count of elements of the Djibouti Code of Conduct, the regional counter-piracy agreement for East African States, but is a lot across-the-board in setting as it addresses a stove of illicit activities at sea including illegal fishing, drug smuggle and plagiarism. For extra information on the Code of Conduct snap here. IMO Guidance IMO ‘s Maritime Safety Committee ( MSC ) highlights adequate self-defense as the most allow hindrance to acts or try acts of plagiarism and armed looting. To that end, in May 2011 the MSC adopted Resolution MSC.324 ( 89 ) on the Implementation of Best Management Practice Guidance, which recognizes the pressing necessitate for merchant shipping to take every possible meter to protect itself from pirate fire and that effective self-defense is the best defensive structure. The solution strongly urges all those concerned to take military action to ensure that, as a minimal, ships ‘ masters receive updated information anterior to, and which sailing through, the define High Risk Area ( HRA ) ; ships register with the Maritime Security Centre Horn of Africa ( MSCHOA ) and composition to United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations ( UKMTO ) Dubai, and that ships effectively implement all recommended preventive, evasive and defensive measures. In October 2015, the Industry co-sponsors of BMP4 announced a revised HRA, which includes an amendment to Section 2 of BMP 4. These amendments were subsequently communicated to IMO by an official letter from the authors of the BMP to the IMO Secretary-General. For the full moon announcement from the Shipping Industry regarding the revision of the HRA chatter here. For the claim coordinates of the revised HRA, effective on 1 December 2015, chink here. The watch are recommendations and steering adopted by IMO to assist governments, shipowners and ship operators, shipmasters and crews in countering acts Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships :
- Recommendations to Governments for preventing and suppressing piracy and armed robbery against ships MSC.1-Circ.1333-Rev.1
- Guidance to shipowners and ship operators, shipmasters and crews on preventing and suppressing acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships MSC.1/Circ.1334
For a more comprehensive list of recommendations and guidance adopted by IMO on the prevention and response to acts Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships – including Guidelines on crimes of plagiarism and armed robbery investigation and IMO ‘s Code of Practice for the Investigation of Crimes of piracy and armed robbery – please consult to the Guidance on Piracy section of IMO ‘s Maritime Security web page. Given the growing use of privately Contracted Armed Security Personnel ( PCASP ), MSC besides approved recommendations and guidance on the use of PCASP on board ships in the High Risk Area. This guidance was further developed by the Facilitation Committee, and by a particular MSC Intersessional Working Group, which produced a suite of guidance for flag States, for port and coastal States, and for ship-owners, transport operators, and shipmasters on the subject. For extra data regarding PCASP click here.
Governments, shipowners and ship operators, shipmasters and crews, should besides note that in order to prevent and suppress acts of plagiarism and armed robbery against ships effectively, it is the province of the Coastal State/Port State to develop national and regional legislation and action plans outlining the methods they deem appropriate for prevention of such acts. IMO is able to provide technical aid in this procedure, if and when requested by Member States, individually ( at national level ) or jointly ( at regional level ) .
Statistics
Reports on Piracy and Armed Robbery
