Jacksonville, Florida – Wikipedia

Jacksonville is a city located on the Atlantic coast of Florida, the most populous city in the country, and is the largest city by area in the adjacent United States as of 2020. [ 6 ] It is the seat of Duval County, [ 7 ] with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Consolidation gave Jacksonville its capital size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits. As of 2020, Jacksonville ‘s population is 949,611, [ 8 ] making it the 12th most populous city in the U.S., the most populous city in the Southeast, and the most populous city in the South outside of the state of Texas. [ 9 ] With a population of 1,605,848, the Jacksonville metropolitan area ranks as Florida ‘s fourth-largest metropolitan region. [ 4 ] Jacksonville straddles the St. Johns River in the First Coast region of northeastern Florida, about 25 miles ( 40 kilometer ) south of the Georgia state line and 328 miles ( 528 kilometer ) north of Miami. [ 10 ] The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast. The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people, and in 1564 was the locate of the french colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest european settlements in what is now the continental United States. Under british rule, a liquidation grew at the narrow distributor point in the river where cattle crossed, known as Wacca Pilatka to the Seminole and the Cow Ford to the british. A plat township was established there in 1822, a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain ; it was named after Andrew Jackson, the inaugural military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States. harbor improvements since the late nineteenth century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port. Its riverine localization facilitates naval Station Mayport, Naval Air Station Jacksonville, the U.S. Marine Corps Blount Island Command, and the Port of Jacksonville, Florida ‘s third gear largest seaport. [ 11 ] Jacksonville ‘s military bases and the nearby Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay form the third largest military presence in the United States. [ 12 ] Significant factors in the local anesthetic economy include services such as deposit, policy, healthcare and logistics. As with much of Florida, tourism is important to the Jacksonville area, particularly tourism related to golf. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] People from Jacksonville are sometimes called “ Jacksonvillians ” or “ Jaxsons ” ( besides spelled “ Jaxons ” ). [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ]

history [edit ]

early on history [edit ]

Replica of Jean Ribault ‘s column claim Florida for France in 1562 The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island in the national Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, a University of North Florida team discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BC. [ 20 ] In the sixteenth hundred, the beginning of the historic earned run average, the region was inhabited by the Mocama, a coastal subgroup of the Timucua people. At the time of contact with Europeans, all Mocama villages in contemporary Jacksonville were part of the herculean chiefdom known as the Saturiwa, centered around the mouth of the St. Johns River. [ 21 ] One early french map shows a village called Ossachite at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville ; this may be the earliest recorded name for that area. [ 22 ] In 1562, french Huguenot internet explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River, calling it the River of May because that was the month of his discovery. Ribault erected a stone column at his landing site near the river ‘s mouth, claiming the newly discovered bring for France. [ 23 ] In 1564, René Goulaine de Laudonnière established the beginning european village on the St. Johns River, Fort Caroline, near the chief village of the Saturiwa. Philip II of Spain ordered Pedro Menéndez de Avilés to protect the interests of Spain by attacking the french at Fort Caroline. On September 20, 1565, a spanish force from the nearby spanish settlement of St. Augustine attacked Fort Caroline, and killed closely all the french soldiers defending it. [ 24 ] The spanish renamed the fortify as San Mateo and, following the ejection of the french, St. Augustine became the most authoritative european liquidation in Florida. The localization of Fort Caroline is subject to debate, but a reconstruction of the garrison was established in 1964 along the St. Johns River. [ 25 ]
Northeast Florida showing Cow Ford ( center ) from Bernard Romans ‘ 1776 map of Florida Spain ceded Florida to the british in 1763 as part of the Treaty of Paris in the consequence of the Seven Years ‘ War ( known as the french and indian War on the north american movement ). The british soon constructed the King ‘s Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia. The road crossed the St. Johns River at a narrow point, which the Seminole called Wacca Pilatka and the british called the Cow Ford ; these names reflected the use of the ford for moving cattle across the river there. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] [ 28 ] The british introduced the polish of sugarcane, indigo, and fruits as cash crops on plantations, in addition to exporting log. A large total of british colonists who were “ energetic and of good character ” were given land grants in the region and emigrated to the region, becoming the beginning english-speaking population in Florida. These colonists came from England, Georgia, South Carolina and Bermuda. british judges introduced the organization of common police to Florida, resulting in the floridian legal system utilizing concepts such as trial-by-jury, habeas principal and county-based government. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] After their get the better of in the american Revolutionary War, Britain returned control of the district to Spain in 1783 via the Peace of Paris. The colony at the Cow Ford continued to grow. [ citation needed ]

Founding and 19th century [edit ]

After Spain ceded the Florida Territory to the United States in 1821, American settlers on the union side of the Cow Ford decided to plan a township, laying out the streets and plats. They named the town Jacksonville, after celebrated war hero and first Territorial Governor ( late U.S. President ) Andrew Jackson. Led by Isaiah D. Hart, residents wrote a charter for a township government, which the Florida Legislative Council approved on February 9, 1832. During the American Civil War, Jacksonville was a cardinal supply point for hogs and cattle shipped from Florida to feed the Confederate forces. The city was blockaded by Union forces, who gained operate of nearby Fort Clinch. Though no battles were fought in Jacksonville proper, the city changed hands respective times between Union and Confederate forces. In the skirmish of the Brick Church in 1862, Confederates won their first victory in the submit. [ 31 ] however, Union forces captured a Confederate position at the Battle of St. Johns Bluff, and occupied Jacksonville in 1862. Slaves escaped to freedom in Union lines. In February 1864 Union forces left Jacksonville and confronted a Confederate Army at the Battle of Olustee, going down to defeat. Union forces retreated to Jacksonville and held the city for the remainder of the war. In March 1864 a Confederate cavalry confronted a Union excursion in the Battle of Cedar Creek. Warfare and the long occupation left the city disrupted after the war. [ 32 ] During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, Jacksonville and nearby St. Augustine became popular winter resorts for the rich and celebrated. Visitors arrived by steamboat and later by dragoon. President Grover Cleveland attended the Sub-Tropical exposition in the city on February 22, 1888, during his trip to Florida. [ 33 ] This highlighted the visibility of the state of matter as a worthy position for tourism. The city ‘s tourism, however, was share major blows in the late nineteenth century by chicken fever outbreaks. Extending the Florida East Coast Railway far south draw visitors to other areas. From 1893 to 1938, Jacksonville was the site of the Florida Old Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Home ; it operated a nearby cemetery. [ 34 ]

20th and 21st centuries [edit ]

1900 to 1939 [edit ]

On May 3, 1901, downtown Jacksonville was ravaged by a fire that started as a kitchen fire. spanish moss at a nearby mattress factory was quickly engulfed in flames and enabled the fire to spread quickly. In a bare eight hours, it swept through 146 city blocks, destroyed over 2,000 buildings, left about 10,000 homeless and killed seven residents. The Confederate Monument in Hemming Park was one of the few landmarks to survive the fire. Governor William Sherman Jennings declared martial law and sent the express militia to maintain order ; on May 17, municipal agency resumed. [ 35 ] It is said the glow from the flames could be seen in Savannah, Georgia, and the fastball plumes seen in Raleigh, North Carolina. Known as the “ Great Fire of 1901 “, it was one of the worst disasters in Florida history and the largest urban fire in the southeast United States. Architect Henry John Klutho was a primary figure in the reconstruction of the city. [ 36 ] The beginning multi-story structure built by Klutho was the Dyal-Upchurch Building in 1902. [ 37 ] [ 38 ] The St. James Building, built on the previous site of the St. James Hotel that burned down, was built in 1912 as Klutho ‘s crowning accomplishment. [ 39 ] [ 40 ] In the 1910s, northerly film studios headquartered in New York City, Philadelphia, and Chicago were attracted to Jacksonville ‘s warm climate, exotic landscapes, excellent rail access, and cheap department of labor. More than 30 silent movie studios were established over the ten, earning Jacksonville the claim of “ Winter Film Capital of the World ”. however, the emergence of Hollywood as a major movie production center ended the city ‘s film industry. One movie studio site, Norman Studios, remains in Arlington ; it has been converted to the Jacksonville Silent Film Museum at Norman Studios. [ 41 ]
Downtown Jacksonville in 1914 During this prison term, Jacksonville besides became a bank and indemnity center, with companies such as Barnett Bank, Atlantic National Bank, Florida National Bank, Prudential, Gulf Life, african-american Insurance, Independent Life and American Heritage Life thriving in the business zone .

1940 to 1979 [edit ]

Crowd gathered for a political campaign language from Richard Nixon in Hemming Park, in October 1960 During World War II, The U.S. Navy became a major employer and economic violence, constructing three Navy bases in the city, while the U.S. Marine Corps established Blount Island Command. Jacksonville, like most boastfully cities in the United States, suffered from negative effects of rapid urban sprawl after World War II. The construction of federal highways basically subsidized development of suburban housing, and wealthier, better established residents moved to newer housing in the suburb. After World War II, the government of the city of Jacksonville began to increase spend to fund newfangled public build projects in the postwar economic boom. Mayor W. Haydon Burns ‘ Jacksonville Story resulted in the construction of a raw city hallway, civil auditorium, public library and other projects that created a dynamic sense of civil pride. Development of suburbs led to a growing middle class who lived outside the urban core. An increasing proportion of residents in Jacksonville ‘s urban core had a higher than average rate of poverty, specially as businesses and jobs besides migrated to the suburb. [ 42 ] Given the postwar migration of residents, businesses, and jobs, the city ‘s tax base declined. It had difficulty fund education, sanitation, and traffic master within the city limits. In addition, residents in unincorporated suburbs had difficulty obtaining municipal services, such as sewage and build up code enforcement. In 1958, a study recommended the city of Jacksonville begin annexing outlying communities to create the need larger geographic tax base to improve services throughout the county. Voters outside the city limits rejected annexation plans in six referendums between 1960 and 1965. On August 27, 1960, a white gang attacked civil rights demonstrators in Hemming Park with clubs. The patrol largely stood by. In 1962, a union court ordered the city to prepare a plan for integration of populace schools, in accord with the regnant of the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education ( 1954 ). A study found schools were in inadequate stipulate and ailing equipped. On December 29, 1963, the Hotel Roosevelt fire killed 22 people, the highest one-day death price in Jacksonville. [ 43 ] On September 10, 1964, Hurricane Dora made landfall near St. Augustine, causing major wrong to buildings in North Florida. Hurricane Dora was the beginning recorded hurricane to make a lineal hit to North Florida. [ 44 ] In the mid-1960s, corruption scandals arose among city and some county officials, who were chiefly separate of a traditional white democratic network that had dominated politics for the decades since the disenfranchisement of most african Americans since the change by reversal of the century which efficaciously hollowed out the Republican Party. After a august jury was convened to investigate, 11 officials were indicted and more were forced to resign .
In 1963 the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools threatened to withdraw accreditation of area schools in a year because of “ instructional deficiencies. ” But voters refused to approve raw taxes to improve school conditions. In former 1963, Duval County was spending $ 299 per scholar compared to the state average outgo of $ 372 per student. In 1964 all 15 of Duval County ‘s public high schools lost their accreditation. [ 45 ] This added momentum to proposals for government reform. Jacksonville Consolidation, led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates, began to win more digest during this time period, from both inner-city blacks, who wanted more affair in government after passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, that provided federal supervision and enforcement of their right to vote, and whites in the suburbs, who wanted more services and more control over the central city. Lower taxes, increased economic growth, union of the community, better public spend, and effective administration by a more central authority were wholly cited as reasons for a fresh amalgamate government. When a consolidation referendum was held in 1967, voters approved the plan with a 65 percentage approval. On October 1, 1968, the city and county governments merged to create the Consolidated City of Jacksonville. Fire, police, health & social welfare, diversion, public works, and caparison & urban exploitation were all combined under the new government. In honor of the occasion, then-Mayor Hans Tanzler posed with actress Lee Meredith behind a bless marking the new margin of the “ Bold New City of the South “ at Florida 13 and Julington Creek. [ 46 ] The consolidation created a 900-square-mile entity .

1980 to present [edit ]

Tommy Hazouri supported passage of environmental regulations and reduce pollution olfactory property during his unmarried term as mayor, which began in 1987. [ 47 ] Ed Austin was elected as mayor in 1991. His most survive contribution is the River City Renaissance program, a $ 235 million adhesiveness issued in 1993 by the city of Jacksonville which funded urban refilling and revamped the city ‘s historic downtown neighborhoods. Austin oversaw the city ‘s purchase and refurbish of the St. James Building, which is immediately used as Jacksonville ‘s city anteroom. He was mayor in 1993 when Jacksonville was awarded its National Football League franchise, the Jacksonville Jaguars. [ 48 ] [ 49 ] The Better Jacksonville Plan, promoted as a “ blueprint for Jacksonville ‘s future ” and approved by Jacksonville voters in 2000, authorized a half-penny sales tax. This generated most of the gross required for the $ 2.25 billion software of major projects, which have included road & infrastructure improvements, environmental conservation, targeted economic development, and new or improved populace facilities. [ 50 ] In 2005, Jacksonville hosted Super Bowl XXXIX, which was seen by an estimated 86 million viewers. [ 51 ] The city has suffered damage in natural disasters. In October 2016, Hurricane Matthew caused major flood and damage to Jacksonville, Jacksonville Beach, Atlantic Beach and Neptune Beach, the first such wrong in the area since 2004. [ 52 ] In September 2017, Hurricane Irma caused record-breaking floods in Jacksonville, with a asperity not seen since 1846. [ 53 ] [ 54 ] As has been distinctive of other metropolitan areas across the area, suburban growth has continued around Jacksonville, where bombastic areas of domain were available for development, drawing more residents, businesses and jobs from the city. This has resulted in farther demographic changes. The city ‘s largest ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, [ 42 ] declined from 75.8 % of the population in 1970 to 55.1 % by 2010. [ 55 ]

geography [edit ]

Satellite photograph of Jacksonville

cityscape [edit ]

From left to right : Southbank Jacksonville skyline and the Acosta Bridge

topography [edit ]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 874.3 squarely miles ( 2,264 km2 ), making Jacksonville the largest city in land area in the adjacent United States ; of this, 86.66 % ( 757.7 sq mile or 1,962 km2 ) is land and 13.34 % ( 116.7 sq mi or 302 km2 ) is water. Jacksonville surrounds the town of Baldwin. Nassau County lies to the north, Baker County lies to the west, and Clay and St. Johns counties lie to the south ; the Atlantic Ocean lies to the east, along with the Jacksonville Beaches. The city developed along both sides of the St. Johns River. The Trout River, a major tributary of the St. Johns River, is entirely within Jacksonville. merely south of Jacksonville and union of Saint Augustine is the boundary of where the floridian Peninsula ends and Continental North America begins ; Jacksonville is north of that line. While silent in the north american Coastal knit, the topography begins to take on slender Piedmont characteristics. Like the Central Florida ridge and the Piedmont, the area begins sloping several miles inland. On the west side of Jacksonville, a series of low ridges predominate. The high item of Jacksonville rises to 190 feet above ocean level on Trail Ridge, along the boundary with Baker County. This high point was developed into a landfill and leveled in the 1990s. Prior to that the ridge reached over 200 feet. Strip mining in the west side of Jacksonville has leveled the area. Soil typography is chiefly sand and cadaver quite than limestone, so few sinkholes develop ; however, trench, large diameter sinkholes do occur. [ 56 ]

architecture [edit ]

The architecture of Jacksonville varies in style. few structures in the city center predate the Great Fire of 1901. [ 57 ] The city is home to one of the largest collections of Prairie School style buildings outside the Midwest. [ 58 ] Following the Great Fire of 1901, Henry John Klutho would come to influence generations of local anesthetic designers with his works by both the Chicago School, championed by Louis Sullivan, and the Prairie School of architecture, popularized by Frank Lloyd Wright. Jacksonville is besides home to a luminary collection of Mid-Century modern computer architecture. [ 59 ] Local architects Robert C. Broward, Taylor Hardwick, and William Morgan adapted a range plan principles, including International expressive style, Brutalism, Futurism and Organicism, all applied with an american rendition generally referred to today as Mid-century mod plan. [ 59 ] The architecture firms of Reynolds, Smith & Hills ( RS & H ) [ 60 ] and Kemp, Bunch & Jackson ( KBJ ) have besides contributed a number of authoritative works to the city ‘s modern architectural movement. Jacksonville ‘s early overriding side as a regional concentrate of clientele left an indelible mark on the city ‘s skyline. Many of the earliest skyscrapers in the department of state were constructed in Jacksonville, dating to 1902. [ 61 ] The city end held the submit stature record from 1974 to 1981. [ 62 ] The tallest construction in Downtown Jacksonville ‘s horizon is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center. It has a altitude of 617 foot ( 188 megabyte ) and includes 42 floors. [ 63 ] [ 64 ] other celebrated structures include the 37-story Wells Fargo Center ( with its distinctive erupt base making it the defining build in the Jacksonville skyline ), [ 65 ] [ 66 ] primitively built in 1972–74 by the Independent Life and Accident Insurance Company, and the 28-floor Riverplace Tower. When this column was completed in 1967, it was the tallest precast, post-tensioned concrete structure in the worldly concern. [ 67 ] [ 68 ]

Neighborhoods [edit ]

There are more than 500 neighborhoods within Jacksonville ‘s huge area. [ 69 ] These include Downtown Jacksonville and its wall neighborhoods, including LaVilla, Brooklyn, Riverside and Avondale, Springfield, Eastside, Mandarin, and San Marco. [ 70 ] Additionally, greater Jacksonville is traditionally divided into respective amorphous areas, comprising large parts of Duval County. These are Northside, Westside, Southside, and Arlington, american samoa well as the Jacksonville Beaches. [ 71 ] Four municipalities have retained their own governments since consolidation ; these are Baldwin and the three Jacksonville Beaches towns of Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and Jacksonville Beach. [ 72 ] Four of Jacksonville ‘s neighborhoods, Avondale, Ortega, Springfield, and Riverside, have been identified as U.S. historic districts and are in the National Register of Historic Places. [ 73 ]

climate [edit ]

According to the Köppen climate classification, Jacksonville has a humid subtropical climate, with hot humid summers, and warm to mild and drier winters. Seasonal rain is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September, when brief but intense downpours with thunder and lightning are common, while the driest months are from November through April. Rainfall averages around 52 inches ( 1,300 millimeter ) a year. [ 75 ] Normal monthly mean temperatures range from 53.1 °F ( 11.7 °C ) in January to 82.3 °F ( 27.9 °C ) in July ; high temperatures average 64 to 92 °F ( 18 to 33 °C ) throughout the year. [ 74 ] High hotness indices are common for the summer months in the area, with indices above 110 °F ( 43.3 °C ) possible. The highest temperature recorded was 104 °F ( 40 °C ) on July 28, 1872, and July 11, 1879. [ 76 ] The city of Jacksonville averages merely approximately 10 to 15 nights at or below freezing. such cold weather is normally short lived. [ 77 ] The coldest temperature recorded at Jacksonville International Airport was 7 °F ( −14 °C ) on January 21, 1985. Jacksonville has recorded three days with measurable snow since 1911, most recently a one-inch ( 2.5 centimeter ) snow in December 1989 [ 78 ] and flurries in December 2010. [ 79 ] Jacksonville has merely received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871. The rarity of target strikes is attributed to chance. [ 80 ] however, the city has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a twelve times due to storms crossing the state from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean, or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing past the area. [ 81 ] The strongest effect on Jacksonville was from Hurricane Dora in 1964, the entirely recorded storm to hit the First Coast with confirm hurricane-force winds. The eye crossed St. Augustine with winds that had barely scantily diminished to 110 miles per hour ( 180 kilometers per hour ), making it a potent Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. In 1979, Hurricane David passed offshore by 40 miles ( 64 kilometres ), bringing winds around 95 miles per hour ( 150 kilometers per hour ). [ 81 ] Hurricane Floyd in 1999 induce damage chiefly to Jacksonville Beach ; the Jacksonville Beach pier was sternly damaged and belated demolished. In 2004, Jacksonville was inundated by Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne, which made landfall south of the sphere, and suffered minor wrong from tropical Storm Bonnie, which spawned a minor crack. [ 82 ] Jacksonville besides suffered damage from 2008 ‘s tropical Storm Fay which crisscrossed the state, bringing parts of Jacksonville under dark for four days. Fay damaged, but did not destroy, the Jacksonville Beach pier that was rebuilt after Floyd. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl, packing winds up to 70 miles per hour ( 110 kilometers per hour ) which made landfall near Jacksonville Beach. Hurricane Matthew passed 37 security service ( 60 kilometer ) to the east with winds of 110 miles per hour. It caused storm surge, extensive deluge of the Atlantic Ocean and St. Johns River, and wind damage ; the storm knocked out power for 250,000 people. [ 80 ] [ 81 ] In 2017, Hurricane Irma passed 75 mi ( 121 kilometer ) to the west with 65 miles per hour ( 100 kilometers per hour ) winds. [ 81 ] It caused severe storm surge and flood, passing the flood record of Hurricane Dora in 1964. [ 80 ]

Parks [edit ]

The City of Jacksonville has a alone park system, with respective lands operated by the National Park Service, Florida State Parks and the City of Jacksonville Department of Parks and Recreation. Jacksonville operates the largest urban park system in the United States, providing facilities and services at more than 337 locations on more than 80,000 acres ( 320 km2 ) tthroughout the city. [ 85 ] A number of parks provide entree for people to boat, swim, pisces, sweep, jetski, surf and waterski .

National parks [edit ]

The Timucuan Preserve is a U.S. National Preserve comprising over 46,000 acres ( 19,000 hour angle ) of wetlands and waterways. It includes natural and historic areas such as the Fort Caroline National Memorial and the Kingsley Plantation, the oldest standing grove in the department of state .

state parks [edit ]

There are respective state parks within the city limits of Jacksonville, these include Amelia Island State Park, Big Talbot Island State Park, Fort George Island Cultural State Park, George Crady Bridge Fishing Pier State Park, Little Talbot Island State Park, Pumpkin Hill Creek Preserve State Park and Yellow Bluff Fort Historic State Park .

City parks [edit ]

• Springfield Park is a public park on the southern bounds of the historic neighborhood of Springfield (for which it is named), and is part of a network of parks that parallel Hogans Creek. The park opened in 1907 as Dignan Park, named for a former chairman of the city’s Board of Public Works. In 1914, the park hosted the annual reunion of the United Confederate Veterans, a gathering of former Confederate soldiers. Five months after the reunion, the city renamed the park “Confederate Park”. A Confederate monument was erected in 1915 honoring the Women of the Southland.[86] On August 11, 2020, the city council voted to change the name of the park to “Springfield Park”.[87]

other [edit ]

Demographics [edit ]

Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010, there were 821,784 people and 366,273 households in the city. Jacksonville has the country ‘s tenth-largest Arab population, with a sum population of 5,751 according to the 2000 United States Census. [ 105 ] [ 106 ] Jacksonville has Florida ‘s largest filipino American community, with 25,033 in the metropolitan area as of the 2010 Census. Much of Jacksonville ‘s Filipino community served in or has ties to the United States Navy. [ 107 ]
White, Black, Asian Hispanic, or other (yellow) Map of racial distribution in Jacksonville, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people :, or ( yellow ) As of 2010, those of hispanic or hispanic lineage accounted for 7.7 % of Jacksonville ‘s population. Of these, 2.6 % identified as Puerto Rican, 1.7 % as Mexican, and 0.9 % as Cuban. [ 108 ] As of 2010, those of african ancestry accounted for 30.7 % of Jacksonville ‘s population, which includes african Americans. Out of the 30.7 %, 1.8 % identified as sub-saharan African, 1.4 % as West indian or Afro-Caribbean American ( 0.5 % Haitian, 0.4 % Jamaican, 0.1 % other or unspecified West Indian, 0.1 % Bahamian, 0.1 % Barbadian ), and 0.6 % as Black Hispanics. [ 108 ] [ 109 ] [ 110 ] As of 2010, those of ( non-Hispanic white ) european lineage accounted for 55.1 % of Jacksonville ‘s population. Of these, 10.4 % identified as ethnic German, 10.2 % as Irish, 8.8 % as English, 3.9 % as italian, 2.2 % as french, 2.0 % as scottish, 2.0 % as Scotch-Irish, 1.7 % Polish, 1.1 % Dutch, 0.6 % russian, 0.5 % norwegian, 0.5 % Swedish, 0.5 % Welsh, and 0.5 % as french Canadian. [ 110 ] As of 2010, those of asian ancestry accounted for 4.3 % of Jacksonville ‘s population. Out of the 4.3 %, 1.8 % were Filipino, 0.9 % were indian, 0.6 % other Asian, 0.5 % vietnamese, 0.3 % Chinese, 0.2 % Korean, and 0.1 % were japanese. [ 110 ] In 2010, 6.7 % of the population identified as of american ancestry ( regardless of slipstream or ethnicity. ) [ 109 ] [ 110 ] Some 0.9 % were of Arab lineage, as of 2010. [ 110 ] As of 2010, there were 366,273 households, out of which 11.8 % were vacant. 23.9 % of households had children under the age of 18 life with them, 43.8 % were marital couples, 15.2 % had a female homeowner with no husband confront, and 36.4 % were non-families. 29.7 % of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9 % had person living alone who was 65 years of old age or older. The average family size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.21. In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.9 % under the historic period of 18, 10.5 % from 18 to 24, 28.5 % from 25 to 44, 26.2 % from 45 to 64, and 10.9 % who were 65 years of old age or older. The medial long time was 35.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females senesce 18 and over, there were 91.3 males. [ 110 ] [ 111 ] In 2010, the median income for a family in the county was $ 48,829, and the medial income for a syndicate was $ 59,272. Males had a median income of $ 42,485 versus $ 34,209 for females. The per head income for the county was $ 25,227. About 10.5 % of families and 14.3 % of the population were below the poverty course, including 20.4 % of those under age 18 and 9.9 % of those aged 65 or complete. [ 112 ] In 2010, 9.2 % of the county ‘s population was alien digest, with 49.6 % being naturalize american citizens. Of foreign bear residents, 38.0 % were born in Latin America, 35.7 % born in Asia, 17.9 % were born in Europe, 5.9 % born in Africa, 1.9 % in North America, and 0.5 % were born in Oceania. [ 110 ] As of 2010, 87.1 % of Jacksonville ‘s population age five and over spoke lone English at home while 5.8 % of the population spoke spanish at home. About 3.3 % spoke other aryan languages at home. About 2.9 % spoke asian languages or Pacific Islander languages / Oceanic languages at home. The remaining 0.9 % of the population spoke other languages at family. In total, 12.9 % spoke another terminology other than English. [ 110 ] As of 2000, speakers of English as a first lyric accounted for 90.60 % of all residents, while those who spoke Spanish made up 4.13 %, Tagalog 1.00 %, french 0.47 %, Arabic 0.44 %, german 0.43 %, Vietnamese at 0.31 %, Russian was 0.21 % and italian made up 0.17 % of the population. [ 113 ]

religion [edit ]

Jacksonville has a diverse religious population. The largest religious group is Protestant. According to the Association of Religion Data Archives ( ARDA ), in 2010 the Jacksonville metropolitan sphere had an estimated 365,267 evangelical Protestants, 76,100 Mainline Protestants, and 56,769 Black Protestants, though figures for the latter were incomplete. There were around 1200 Protestant congregations in versatile denominations. [ 114 ] Notable Protestant churches include Bethel Baptist Institutional Church and First Baptist Church, whose congregations separated after the Civil War and which are the city ‘s oldest baptist churches. Each has become very big. The Episcopal Diocese of Florida has its meet at St. John ‘s Cathedral ; the current build was completed in 1906 .

Jacksonville is contribution of the Roman Catholic Diocese of St. Augustine, which covers seventeen counties in North Florida. [ 115 ] ARDA estimated 133,155 Catholics attending 25 parishes in the Jacksonville metropolitan area in 2010. [ 114 ] The Basilica of the Immaculate Conception in Jacksonville, defined as a child basilica in 2013, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. [ 116 ] [ 117 ] There are besides two easterly Catholic parishes, one of the Syriac Catholic Church and one of the Maronite Church. [ 118 ] In 2010 there were 2520 Eastern Orthodox Christians, representing four churches in the Eastern Orthodox communion, equally well as congregations of Syriac Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic, Ethiopian Orthodox, and Coptic Orthodox Christians. [ 114 ] ARDA estimated 14,886 members of The Church of Jesus Christ of latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) and 511 unitarian Universalists in 2010. [ 114 ] There were an estimated 8,581 Muslims attending seven mosques, the largest being the Islamic Center of Northeast Florida. [ 114 ] [ 119 ] The Jewish community, which numbered 6,028 in 2010, [ 114 ] is largely centered in the region of Mandarin. [ 120 ] There are five Orthodox, two reform, two Conservative, and one Reconstructionist synagogues. The Rohr Jewish Learning Institute teaches courses for the community. [ 114 ] [ 121 ] ARDA besides estimated 4,595 Hindus, 3,530 Buddhists and 650 Baháʼís in the Jacksonville area in 2010. [ 114 ]

economy [edit ]

Jacksonville ‘s localization on the St. Johns River and the Atlantic Ocean proved implemental to the increase of the city and its industry. Jacksonville has a goodly deepwater port, which helps make it a leading larboard in the U.S. for car imports, a well as the leading transportation system and distribution hub in the state. The strength of the city ‘s economy lies in its broad diversification. While the area once had many booming dairies, such as Gustafson ‘s farm and Skinner Dairy, this expression of the economy has declined over time. The area ‘s economy is balanced among distribution, fiscal services, biomedical engineering, consumer goods, information services, manufacture, indemnity, and early industries. Jacksonville is home to the headquarters of four Fortune 500 companies : CSX Corporation, Fidelity National Financial, Fidelity National Information Services and Southeastern Grocers. [ 122 ] Interline Brands is based in Jacksonville and is owned by The Home Depot. [ 123 ] other celebrated companies based in Jacksonville or with a large presence include Florida Blue, Swisher International Group, BOA Merrill Lynch, Fanatics, Crowley Maritime, Web.com, Firehouse Subs and Deutsche Bank. Naval Air Station Jacksonville, SW of business district, employs more than 25,000 people. In 2008, Jacksonville had 2.8 million visitors who stayed nightlong, spending closely $ 1 billion. A study by Research Data Services of Tampa quantified the importance of tourism. The entire economic impact was $ 1.6 billion and supported about 43,000 jobs, 10 % of the local work force. [ 124 ]

bank and fiscal services [edit ]

Jacksonville has long had a regional bequest in banking and finance. locally headquartered Atlantic National Bank, Florida National Bank and Barnett Bank dominated the diligence in Florida from the turn of the twentieth century through the 1980s, before all being acquired in a national curl of mergers and acquisitions throughout the entire fiscal sector. Acquired by NationsBank in 1997, Barnett Bank was the last of these banks to succumb to skill, and at the clock was the largest banking fusion in U.S. history. [ 125 ] The city placid holds eminence nationally and internationally, boosting two Fortune 500 fiscal services companies, Fidelity National Financial and FIS, FIS being well recognized as a ball-shaped drawing card in fiscal engineering. [ 126 ] Headquartered on the banks of the St. Johns River in Downtown Jacksonville, EverBank holds the title of largest bank in the state by deposits. [ 127 ] The city is home to other luminary fiscal services institutions including Ameris Bancorp, Atlantic Coast Financial, Black Knight Financial Services, MedMal Direct Insurance Company, US Assure, Jax Federal Credit Union, and VyStar Credit Union. The city is besides home plate to the Jacksonville Branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. [ 128 ] Jacksonville ‘s fiscal sector has benefited from a quickly changing commercial enterprise culture, as have other Sunbelt cities such as Atlanta, Tampa, and Charlotte. In a concept known as nearshoring, fiscal institutions are shifting operations away from high-cost addresses such as Wall Street, and have shifted some trade functions to Jacksonville. [ 129 ] With relatively low-cost veridical estate, easy access by planes to New York City, high quality of life, and 19,000 fiscal sector employees, Jacksonville has become an option for relocating staff. [ 130 ] Deutsche Bank ‘s growth in the city is an exemplar of such change. Jacksonville is the site of Deutsche Bank ‘s second largest uracil operation ; only New York is larger. They besides are an case of a commercial enterprise that has moved operations to the suburb. [ 131 ] other institutions with a luminary presence in Jacksonville include Macquarie Group, Bank of America, Wells Fargo, JPMorgan Chase, Citi, Citizens Property Insurance, Fidelity Investments, Ally Financial and Aetna. [ 132 ]

Logistics [edit ]

Jacksonville is a rail, air, and highway focal point and a busy interface of entry, with Jacksonville International Airport, ship rectify yards and extensive freight-handling facilities. Lumber, phosphate, paper, cigars and forest pulp are the principal exports ; automobiles and coffee are among imports. The city ‘s manufacture basal provides 4.5 % of local jobs, versus 8.5 % nationally. [ 133 ] According to Forbes magazine in 2007, Jacksonville ranked 3rd among the top ten U.S. cities as destinations for jobs. [ 134 ] Jacksonville was ranked as the 10th-fastest growing city in the U.S. [ 135 ] To emphasize the city ‘s transportation system clientele and capabilities, the Jacksonville Regional Chamber of Commerce filed Jacksonville America’s Logistics Center as a hallmark on November 9, 2007. It was formally registered on August 4, 2009. [ 136 ] Cornerstone began promoting the city as “ Jacksonville : America ‘s Logistics Center ” in 2009. Signs were added to the existing city limit markers on Interstate 95. [ 137 ] The Port of Jacksonville, a seaport on the St. Johns River, is a large component of the local economy. approximately 50,000 jobs in Northeast Florida are related to port activity and the port has an economic impingement of $ 2.7 billion in Northeast Florida : [ 138 ] The three maritime shippers who ship to Puerto Rico are all headquartered in Jacksonville : TOTE Maritime, Crowley Maritime, and Trailer Bridge. Cecil Commerce Center is on the site of the former Naval Air Station Cecil Field, which closed in 1999 following the 1993 Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) decision. Covering a sum area of 22,939 acres ( 92.83 km2 ), it was the largest military base in the Jacksonville area. The package contains more than 3 % of the total kingdom area in Duval County ( 17,000 acres ( 69 km2 ) ). The industrial and commercial-zoned plaza offers mid to large-size parcels for development ; it has excellent transportation system and utility infrastructure, including the third-longest runway in Florida .

Media and technology [edit ]

The Florida Times-Union is the major daily newspaper in Jacksonville and the First Coast. Jacksonville.com is its official web site. The Financial News & Daily Record is a casual wallpaper focused on the business and legal communities. weekly papers include the Jacksonville Business Journal, an american City Business Journals publication focused on business news, Folio Weekly, the city ‘s chief alternative weekly, and The Florida Star and the Jacksonville Free Press, two weeklies catering to african Americans. Jax4Kids, a monthly newspaper, caters to parents. [ 139 ] EU Jacksonville is a monthly entertainment magazine. The Coastal is a local on-line magazine that besides publishes a quarterly wallpaper edition. [ 140 ] Jacksonville is the 47th-largest local television receiver market in the United States. [ 141 ] Despite its large population, Jacksonville has always been a medium-sized market because the surrounding suburbs and rural areas are not a lot larger than the city. It is served by television stations affiliated with major american networks including WTLV 12 ( NBC ) and its sister station WJXX 25 ( ABC ), WJAX-TV 47 ( CBS ) and WFOX-TV 30 ( Fox ; with MyNetworkTV / MeTV on DT2 ), which operates WJAX-TV under a joint sales and shared services agreement, WJCT 7 ( PBS ), and WCWJ 17 ( CW ). WJXT 4, WCWJ ‘s sister station, is a former longtime CBS affiliate that turned independent in 2002. Jacksonville is the 46th-largest local anesthetic radio commercialize in the U.S., [ 142 ] and is dominated by the lapp two large ownership groups that dominate the radio receiver industry across it : Cox Radio [ 143 ] and iHeartMedia. [ 144 ] The dominant AM radio station in terms of ratings is WOKV 690AM, which is besides the flagship place for the Jacksonville Jaguars. [ 145 ] In May 2013, WOKV began simulcasting on 104.5 FM as WOKV FM. There are two radio stations broadcasting a primarily contemporaneous hits format ; WAPE 95.1 has dominated this niche for over 20 years, and more recently has been challenged by WKSL 97.9 FM ( KISS FM ). WJBT 93.3 ( The Beat ) is a hep hop / R & B station, 96.9 The Eagle WJGL operates a classical Hits format while its HD subchannel WJGL-HD2 operates an Urban CHR format under the nickname Power 106.1, WWJK 107.3 is a Mainstream Rock station under the nickname “ 107.3 Planet Radio. WEZI 102.9 is an adult contemporary station branded as “ easy 102.9 ” along with 96.1 WEJZ branded as “ 96.1 WEJZ ” WXXJ X106.5 is an alternative station, WQIK 99.1 is a country station angstrom well as WGNE-FM 99.9, and WJCT 89.9 is the local National Public Radio consort. WJKV 90.9 FM is an educational Media Foundation K-LOVE exit. The NPR and PRX radio show State of the Re:Union, hosted by performance poet and dramatist Al Letson, is headquartered and produced in Jacksonville .

military and defense [edit ]

Jacksonville is home to three US naval facilities. in concert with the nearby Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Jacksonville is the third-largest naval building complex in the state. [ 12 ] only Norfolk, Virginia and San Diego, California are bigger. The United States military is the largest employer in Jacksonville and its full economic impact is approximately $ 6.1 billion per annum. respective veterans ‘ service organizations are besides headquartered in Jacksonville, including Wounded Warrior Project. [ 146 ] Naval Air Station Jacksonville is a military airport 4 miles ( 6 kilometer ) confederacy of the cardinal clientele district. approximately 23,000 civilian and active-duty personnel are employed on the base. There are 35 functional units/squadrons assigned there. defend facilities include an airfield for original trail, and a care terminal adequate to of tasks ranging from changing a tire to intricate micro-electronics, or full engine dismantling. besides on-site is a naval Hospital, a Fleet Industrial Supply Center, a Navy Family Service Center, and amateur facilities. [ 147 ]
naval Station Mayport is a Navy Ship Base that is the third-largest evanesce concentration area in the U.S. Mayport has a busy harbor capable of accommodating 34 ships, and an 8,000-foot ( 2,400 megabyte ) runway capable of handling any aircraft used by the Department of Defense. Until 2007, it was home to the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy, which locals called “ big John ”. In January 2009, the Navy committed to stationing a nuclear-powered carrier at Mayport when the official Record of Decision was signed. The port will require approximately $ 500 million in facility enhancements to support the larger vessel, which would take several years to complete. [ 148 ] The carrier was projected to arrive in 2019 ; however, an amphibious group was sent before the aircraft carrier. [ 149 ] Blount Island Command is a Marine Corps Logistics Base whose deputation is to support the Maritime Prepositioning Force ( MPF ). This provides for rapid deployment of personnel to link up with pre-positioned equipment and supplies embarked aboard forward-deployed Maritime Prepositioning Ships ( MPS ). [ 150 ] USS Jacksonville, a nuclear-powered Los Angeles -class submarine, is a U.S. Navy ship named for the city. The ship ‘s dub is The Bold One and Pearl Harbor is her home port. The Florida Air National Guard is based at Jacksonville International Airport. Coast Guard Sector Jacksonville is on the St. Johns River following to Naval Station Mayport. Sector Jacksonville controls operations from Kings Bay, Georgia, south to Cape Canaveral. CGC Kingfisher, CGC Maria Bray, and CGC Hammer are stationed at the Sector. Station Mayport is co-located with Sector Jacksonville and includes 25-foot ( 7.6 thousand ) reception boats, and 47-foot ( 14 megabyte ) motor lifeboats .

culture [edit ]

leisure and entertainment [edit ]

Throughout the year, many annual events of diverse types are held in Jacksonville. In sports, the annual Gate River Run has been held annually since March 1977. [ 151 ] It has been the US National 15 kilometers ( 9.3 nautical mile ) road race Championship since 1994 and is the largest race of its distance in the country with over 13,000 runners, spectators, and volunteers, making it Jacksonville ‘s largest participation sporting event. [ 152 ] In college football, the Gator Bowl is held on January 1. It has been continuously held since 1946. besides, the Florida–Georgia game ( besides known as the “ World ‘s Largest Outdoor Cocktail Party ” ), the annual college football plot between the rival Florida Gators and Georgia Bulldogs has been held in Jacksonville about annually since 1933. For six days in July the Jacksonville Kingfish Tournament is held for fishermen of all skills. With $ 500,000 of prizes up for catch, up to 1000 boats participate with about 30,000 spectators watching. Jacksonville is besides home of River City Pride which is Northeast Florida ‘s largest Gay Pride parade. The parade and festivities normally take topographic point over the naturally of the weekend normally the beginning or second weekend in October in Jacksonville ‘s Riverside neighborhood. The beginning pride parade was held in 1978. A number of cultural events are besides held in Jacksonville. The Jacksonville Jazz Festival, held downtown, is the second-largest jazz festival in the nation, [ 153 ] while Springing the Blues, one of the oldest and largest blues festivals, has been held in Jacksonville Beach since 1990. [ 154 ] The World of Nations Celebration has been held in Metropolitan Park since 1993, and features a count of events, food and memento from diverse countries .
The Art Walk, a monthly outdoor artwork festival on the first Wednesday of each calendar month, is sponsored by Downtown Vision, Inc, an constitution which works to promote artistic talent and venues on the First Coast. Jacksonville is home to many breweries and a growing act of distilleries. [ 155 ] other events include the Blessing of the Fleet held in March since 1985 and the Greater Jacksonville Agricultural Fair in November at the Jacksonville Fairgrounds and Exposition Center featuring games, rides, food, entertainment and livestock exhibition. One Spark is an annual and the largest crowdfunding event held for creators to showcase their ideas for a chance to win contribution of $ 300,000 in fund. Riverside Arts Market ( RAM ), an outdoor arts-and-crafts commercialize on the Riverwalk, occurs every Saturday from March to December under the canopy of the Fuller Warren Bridge. Holiday celebrations include the Freedom, Fanfare & Fireworks celebration on July 4, the unhorse of Jacksonville ‘s official Christmas tree at the Jacksonville Landing ( now removed ) on the day after Thanksgiving and the Jacksonville Light Parade of boats the following day. The VyStar Veterans Memorial Arena, which opened in 2003, is a 16,000-seat performance venue that attracts national entertainment, sporting events and besides houses the Jacksonville Sports Hall of Fame. It replaced the outdated Jacksonville Coliseum that was built in 1960 and demolished on June 26, 2003. The Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens boasts the second largest animal collection in the state. The menagerie features elephants, lions, and jaguars, with an display, Range of the Jaguar, hosted by the erstwhile owners of the Jacksonville Jaguars, Delores and Wayne Weaver. It besides has a multitude of reptile houses, barren flight aviaries, and many other animals. gamble Landing is an amusement park with locations in Jacksonville and Jacksonville Beach. The Jacksonville Beach location contains Shipwreck Island, Duval County ‘s lone waterpark. Theatre Jacksonville was organized in 1919 as the Little Theatre and is one of the oldest continually producing community theatres in the United States. The Alhambra Dinner Theatre, on the Southside near the University of North Florida, has offered professional productions that often starred long-familiar actors since 1967. There are besides a number of democratic residential district theatres such as Players by the Sea in Jacksonville Beach and The 5 & Dime Theatre Co. in Downtown Jacksonville. The Murray Hill Art Center was reopened in February 2012 through a partnership of the Jacksonville Parks and Recreation ( JaxParks ) and the Art League of Jacksonville, a nonprofit dedicated to arts education. [ 156 ] The center is in the historic Murray Hill sphere and offers community arts classes deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as shared studio space for aspiring artists. Visitors are welcome class around for events and classes. Jacksonville has two in full enclosed patronize malls. The oldest is the Regency Square Mall, which opened in 1967 and is on former sand dunes in the Arlington area. The other is The Avenues Mall. It opened in 1990 on the Southside at the intersection of I-95 and US 1. There is a third indoor plaza in the metropolitan area, The Orange Park Mall. But it ‘s just away of Jacksonville in Orange Park, Florida, in Clay County. The St. Johns Town Center opened in 2005, on the south side of Jacksonville. River City Marketplace opened in 2006, on the north side of Jacksonville. Both of these are “ alfresco ” malls, with a desegregate of stores but not contained under the lapp ceiling .

literature, film and television [edit ]

A handful of significant literary works and authors are associated with Jacksonville and the surrounding area. possibly the most crucial is James Weldon Johnson, who moved North and was influential in the Harlem Renaissance. In 1920 he besides became the first african American to lead the NAACP civil rights constitution. His inaugural success as a writer was the poem “ Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing “ ( 1899 ), which his buddy Rosamond Johnson set to music ; the song became unofficially known as the “ Negro National Anthem. ” [ 157 ] already celebrated for having written Uncle Tom’s Cabin ( 1852 ), northern writer Harriet Beecher Stowe published Palmetto Leaves in 1873. A travel lead and memoir about her winters in the town of Mandarin, Florida, it was one of the first guides written about Florida and stimulated the department of state ‘s first base boom in the 1880s of tourism and residential growth. Jacksonville embraced the movies. Sun-Ray Cinema, besides known as the 5 Points Theatre and Riverside Theatre, opened in 1927. It was the beginning theater in Florida equipped to show the modern “ talking pictures ” and the third nationally. It is in the Five Points section of town and was renamed as the Five Points Theater in 1949. [ 158 ] [ 159 ] The Florida Theatre, besides opened in 1927, is in business district Jacksonville and is one of only four remaining high-style movie palaces that were built in Florida during the Mediterranean Revival architectural thunder of the 1920s. Since that fourth dimension, Jacksonville has been chosen by a number of film and television studios for placement shoot. noteworthy motion pictures that have been partially or completely shot in Jacksonville since the silent movie era include the authoritative thriller, Creature from the Black Lagoon ( 1954 ). [ 160 ] Since the deep twentieth century, the city has attracted numerous film companies, which shot The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking ( 1988 ), Brenda Starr ( 1989 ), G.I. Jane ( 1997 ), The Devil’s Advocate ( 1997 ), Ride ( 1998 ), Why Do Fools Fall in Love ( 1998 ), Forces of Nature ( 1999 ), Tigerland ( 2000 ), Sunshine State ( 2002 ), Basic ( 2003 ), The Manchurian Candidate ( 2004 ), Lonely Hearts ( 2006 ), Moving McAllister ( 2007 ), The Year of Getting to Know Us ( 2008 ), The Ramen Girl and Like Dandelion Dust. [ 160 ] luminary television series or made-for-television films that have been partially or wholly shot in Jacksonville include Inherit the Wind ( 1988 ), Orpheus Descending ( 1990 ), Saved by the Light ( 1995 ), The Babysitter’s Seduction ( 1996 ), First Time Felon ( 1997 ), Safe Harbor ( 2009 ), Recount ( 2008 ), American Idol ( 2009 ), and Ash vs Evil Dead ( 2015 ) .

Museums and art galleries [edit ]

The Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens is an art museum in Jacksonville ‘s Riverside neighborhood. It was founded in 1961, following the death of Ninah Mae Holden Cummer, who bequeathed her artwork collection, house and gardens to the museum. Its galleries display one of the earth ‘s three most comprehensive collections of Meissen porcelain, angstrom good as boastfully collections of American, European, and japanese art. The grounds contain two acres of italian and english gardens begun by Ninah Cummer. [ 161 ] The Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville ( MOCA Jacksonville ) is a contemporary art museum funded and operated as a “ cultural resource ” of the University of North Florida. Tracing its roots to the formation of Jacksonville ‘s Fine Arts society in 1924, it opened its current 60,000-square-foot ( 6,000 m2 ) facility in 2003 next to the Main Library downtown. The museum features eclectic permanent and traveling exhibitions, and a collection of over 700 works. [ 161 ] The Museum of Science & History ( MOSH ), in downtown ‘s Southbank Riverwalk, specializes in skill and local history exhibits. It features a chief parade that changes quarterly, plus three floors of nature exhibits, an extensive exhibit on the history of Northeast Florida, a hands-on science area, and the area ‘s only astronomy dramaturgy, the Bryan Gooding Planetarium. [ 161 ] [ 162 ] [ 163 ]
Kingsley Plantation is a historic plantation built in 1798. The house of Zephaniah Kingsley, barn, kitchen, and slave cabins have been preserved. Alexander Brest, founder of Duval Engineering and Contracting Co., was the benefactor for the Alexander Brest Museum and Gallery on the campus of Jacksonville University. The exhibits are a divers solicitation of carve bone, pre-columbian artifacts, Steuben glass, Chinese porcelain and cloisonné, Tiffany glass, Boehm porcelain, and rotating exhibits of the employment of local, regional, national and external artists. [ 164 ] Three early art galleries are at educational institutions in town. Florida State College at Jacksonville has the Kent Gallery on their westside campus and the Wilson Center for the Arts at their main campus. The University Gallery is on the campus of the University of North Florida. [ 165 ] The Jacksonville Karpeles Manuscript Library Museum is a outgrowth of the world ‘s largest secret collection of original manuscripts and documents. The museum in Jacksonville is in a 1921 neoclassic construction on the outskirts of downtown. [ 166 ] [ 167 ] In addition to document displays, an antique-book library has numerous volumes dating from the deep nineteenth century. The Catherine Street Fire Station build up is on the National Register of Historic Places ; it was relocated to Metropolitan Park in 1993. It houses the Jacksonville Fire Museum and features more than 500 artifacts, including an 1806 hand pumper. The LaVilla Museum opened in 1999 and features a permanent wave display of african-american history. In addition, the artwork exhibits are changed sporadically. The city has several outstanding historical properties, some of which have been adapted to new uses. These include the Klutho Building, the Old Morocco Temple Building, the Palm and Cycad Arboretum, and the Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center, in the first place built as Union Station train terminal. The Jacksonville Historical Society showcases two restoration projects : the 1887 St. Andrews Episcopal Church and the 1879 Merrill House, both near the sports building complex .

music [edit ]

The Ritz Theatre, opened in 1929, is in the LaVilla vicinity of the northerly separate of Jacksonville ‘s downtown. The Jacksonville music view was active agent in the 1930s in LaVilla, which was known as “ Harlem of the South “. [ 168 ] Black musicians from across the nation visited Jacksonville to play standing room only performances at the Ritz Theatre and the Knights of Pythias Hall. Cab Calloway, Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong were a few of the legendary performers who appeared. After his mother died when he was 15, Ray Charles lived with friends of his mother while he played piano at the Ritz for a class, before moving on to fame and fortune. The Ritz Theatre was rebuilt and opened in October 1999. Jacksonville native Pat Boone was a popular 1950s singer and adolescent idol. During the 1960s, the Classics IV was the most successful crop up rock band from Jacksonville. Southern Rock was defined by the Allman Brothers Band, which formed in 1969 in Jacksonville. Lynyrd Skynyrd achieved near cult condition and inspired Blackfoot, Molly Hatchet and .38 Special, all successful in the 1970s. The 1980s were a calm ten for musical talent in Jacksonville. The Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts consists of three discrete halls : the Jim & Jan Moran Theater, a venue for touring Broadway shows ; the Jacoby Symphony Hall, home of the Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra ; and the Terry Theater, intended for minor shows and recitals. The build up was originally erected as the Civic Auditorium in 1962 and underwent a major renovation and construction in 1996. The following local anesthetic group to achieve national achiever was the nu metallic band Limp Bizkit, formed in 1994. other democratic hip hop acts in the 1990s included 95 South, 69 Boyz and the Quad City DJ ‘s. The bands Inspection 12, Cold and Yellowcard were besides well known and had a large following. Following the millennium, Fit For Rivals, Burn Season, Evergreen Terrace, Shinedown, The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, Electric President, and Black Kids became noteworthy bands from the city .

Sports [edit ]

Jacksonville is home to one major league sports team, the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League ( NFL ). The Jaguars joined the NFL as an expansion team in the 1995 season ; they play their home games at TIAA Bank Field. [ 169 ] In 2005, Jacksonville hosted Super Bowl XXXIX. The PGA Tour, which organizes the chief professional golf tournaments in the U.S., is headquartered in the suburb of Ponte Vedra Beach, where it holds The Players Championship every year. [ 170 ] Jacksonville is besides home to respective minor league -level teams. The Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp, a Triple-A baseball team, have played in Jacksonville continuously since 1970 and have systematically been near the clear of their league in attendance. [ 171 ] [ 172 ] The Jacksonville Sharks, who began play in 2010, were the champions of the Arena Football League ‘s ArenaBowl XXIV in 2011 [ 173 ] [ 174 ] and now play in the National Arena League, where they have won two league championships. The Jacksonville Axemen are a semi-professional rugby league team founded in 2006, and now play in the USA Rugby League. [ 175 ] The Jacksonville Giants basketball team started play in the newly American Basketball Association in December 2010. The Giants won the 2012 ABA Championship in March 2012 in Tampa, Florida. [ 176 ] [ 177 ] [ 178 ] The Jacksonville Armada FC is a soccer team that began play in the union american english Soccer League ( NASL ) in 2015. [ 179 ] The Jacksonville Icemen is a minor league frosting field hockey team in the ECHL that began play in the 2017–18 season. The team plays its home games at VyStar Veterans Memorial Arena. All Elite Wrestling ( AEW ) is a professional wrestle promotion based in Jacksonville and a rival of WWE. [ 180 ] College sports, particularly college football, are democratic in Jacksonville. The city hosts the Florida–Georgia game, an annual college football game between the University of Florida and the University of Georgia and the TaxSlayer Gator Bowl, a post-season college football stadium game. Jacksonville ‘s two universities compete in NCAA Division I : the University of North Florida Ospreys and the Jacksonville University Dolphins, both in the Atlantic Sun Conference. [ 181 ] [ 182 ]

Government and politics [edit ]

government [edit ]

In 1968 Jacksonville and Duval County consolidated their governments in the Jacksonville Consolidation. This eliminated a separate county executive or legislature, and supplanted these positions with the Mayor of Jacksonville and the City Council of the City of Jacksonville, respectively. Because of this, voters who live outside of the city limits of Jacksonville but inside Duval County may vote in elections for these positions and run for them. In 1995, John Delaney, a house physician of Neptune Beach within Duval County, was elected as mayor of the city of Jacksonville. Jacksonville is organized under the city charter and provides for a “ strong ” mayor–council form of city politics. The Mayor of Jacksonville is elected to four-year terms and serves as the promontory of the government ‘s executive branch. The Jacksonville City Council comprises nineteen members, fourteen representing single-member electoral districts of roughly peer populations, and five elected for at-large seats. The mayor oversees most city departments, though some are mugwump or quasi-independent. Law enforcement is provided by the Jacksonville Sheriff ‘s Office, headed by an elective sheriff ; public schools are oversee by Duval County Public Schools, and several services are provided by largely independent authorities. The mayor holds veto power over all resolutions and ordinances made by the city council and besides has the power to hire and fire the head of versatile city departments. As before the consolidation, some government services are operated independently of city and county authority. In accordance with Florida law, the elect school display panel has about complete autonomy. Jacksonville besides has respective quasi-independent government agencies which only nominally answer to the consolidate authority, including electric authority, port authority, transportation authority, housing authority and airport assurance. The independent environmental and agricultural soundbox is the Duval County Soil and Water Conservation District, which works closely with other area, state, and federal agencies .
The Jacksonville Housing Authority ( JHA ) is the quasi-independent means responsible for public house and subsidized house in Jacksonville. The Mayor and City Council of Jacksonville established the JHA in 1994 to create a community service-oriented, public house agency with innovative ideas and a unlike attitude. The primary goal was to provide safe, clean, low-cost housing for eligible low and moderate income families, the aged, and persons with disabilities. The secondary goal was to provide effective social services, exercise with residents to improve their quality of life, encourage employment and autonomy, and help residents move out of serve house. To that end, JHA works with HabiJax to help broken and moderate income families to escape the public housing cycle and become successful, productive, homeowners and taxpayers .

Politics [edit ]

The present mayor is Lenny Curry, who assumed office on July 1, 2015. [ 183 ] The past mayor was Alvin Brown. [ 184 ] Most of the city is in the Florida ‘s fourth congressional zone, and is represented by Republican John Rutherford. Most of cardinal Jacksonville is in the fifth district, represented by Democrat Al Lawson. The 4th and 5th districts have been characterized by analysts as some of the most gerrymander districts in the country [ 185 ] In 2014, the Florida Supreme Court ordered the state legislature to redraw at least eight of the congressional districts to correct inequities. [ 186 ] In 2010, Duval County ‘s crime rate was 5,106 per 100,000 people, according to the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. The county ‘s murder rate had been the highest among Florida ‘s counties with a population of 500,000 or more for football team years in 2009, leading to widespread discussion in the community about how to deal with the problem. In 2010 Duval County ‘s violent crime pace decreased by 9.3 % from the former class, with sum crime decreasing 7.3 %, putting the murder rate behind Miami-Dade County. [ 187 ] Jacksonville and Duval County historically maintained discriminate patrol agencies : the Jacksonville Police Department and Duval County Sheriff ‘s Office. As share of consolidation in 1968, the two merged, creating the Jacksonville Sheriff ‘s Office ( JSO ). The JSO is headed by the elect Sheriff of Jacksonville, presently Mike Williams. It is responsible for law enforcement and corrections in the county .

education [edit ]

Primary and junior-grade education [edit ]

Public primary coil and secondary schools in Jacksonville and Duval County are administered by Duval County Public Schools, which is governed by an elected, seven-member Duval County School Board. In the 2009–2010 school year the district enrolled 123,000 students. It administers 172 sum schools, including 103 elementary schools, 25 middle schools, 19 high schools, three K–8 schools, and one 6–12 school, deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as 13 charter schools and a juvenile justice school broadcast. [ 188 ] Of these, 62 are designated attraction schools. [ 188 ] Three of Jacksonville ‘s high schools, Stanton College Preparatory School, Darnell-Cookman School of the Medical Arts and Paxon School for Advanced Studies regularly appear at the top of Newsweek magazine ‘s annual tilt of the country ‘s top public high schools, coming in respectively at No. 3 # 7, and No. 8 in the 2010 edition. [ 189 ] Five other schools, Douglas Anderson School of the Arts ( # 33 ), Mandarin High School ( # 97 ), Duncan U. Fletcher High School ( # 205 ), Sandalwood High School ( # 210 ), and Englewood High School ( # 1146 ) were besides included in the list. [ 189 ] The Roman Catholic Diocese of St. Augustine operates a numeral of Catholic schools in Jacksonville, including two high gear schools, Bishop Kenny High School and Bishop John J. Snyder High School. [ 190 ] other individual schools in Jacksonville include Arlington Country Day School, the Bolles School, Trinity Christian Academy, and the Episcopal School of Jacksonville. [ 191 ]

Colleges and universities [edit ]

Jacksonville is home to a numeral of institutions of higher education. The University of North Florida ( UNF ), opened in 1972, is a public institution and a member of the State University System of Florida. Jacksonville University ( JU ) is a individual institution founded in 1934. Edward Waters College, established in 1866, is the oldest college in Jacksonville and the state ‘s oldest historically black college. Florida State College at Jacksonville is a state college and a member of the Florida College System, offering biennial associate ‘s degrees angstrom well as some four-year bachelor ‘s degrees. The University of Florida has its irregular campus of the J. Hillis Miller Health Science Center in Jacksonville. [ 192 ] [ 193 ] other colleges and universities in Jacksonville include Florida Coastal School of Law, Trinity Baptist College, and Jones College. [ 194 ] besides in the area are St. Johns River State College, a express college with campuses in Clay, St. Johns, and Putnam Counties, and Flagler College in St. Augustine. [ 195 ] The Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science besides offers educational programs from its Mayo Clinic Jacksonville campus. [ 196 ]

Public libraries [edit ]

Jacksonville Main Library The Jacksonville Public Library had its beginnings when May Moore and Florence Murphy started the Jacksonville Library and Literary Association in 1878. The Association was populated by versatile outstanding Jacksonville residents and sought to create a absolve public library and reading room for the city. [ 197 ] Over the path of 127 years, the system has grown from that one room library to become one of the largest in the express. The Jacksonville library system includes the Main Library and 20 branches, ranging in size from the 54,000 sq foot ( 5,000 m2 ) West Regional Library to smaller vicinity libraries like Westbrook and Eastside. The Library annually receives closely 4 million visitors and circulates over 6 million items. about 500,000 library cards are held by area residents. [ 198 ] On November 12, 2005, the new 300,000 sq foot ( 30,000 m2 ) Main Library opened to the public, replacing the 40-year-old Haydon Burns Library. The largest public library in the state, the opening of the modern independent library marked the completion of an unprecedented menstruation of increase for the organization under the Better Jacksonville Plan. [ 199 ] The fresh Main Library offers specialized take rooms, populace access to hundreds of computers and public displays of artwork, an across-the-board collection of books, and special collections ranging from the african-american collection to the recently opened Holocaust Collection. [ 197 ]

infrastructure [edit ]

fare [edit ]

Roadways and bridges [edit ]

There are seven bridges over the St. Johns River at Jacksonville. They include ( starting from furthest downstream ) the Napoleon Bonaparte Broward Bridge ( Dames Point ) ( which carries Interstate 295 Eastern Beltway traffic ), the John E. Mathews Bridge, the Isaiah D. Hart Bridge, the John T. Alsop Jr. Bridge ( Main Street ), the St. Elmo W. Acosta Bridge, the Fuller Warren Bridge ( which carries I-95 traffic ) and the Henry Holland Buckman Bridge ( which carries I-295 North/South traffic ). besides, next to the Acosta Bridge is a large jackknife railroad track bridge built in the 1920s by Henry flagler ‘s FEC railroad. Beginning in 1953, tolls were charged on the Hart, Mathews, Fuller Warren and the Main Street bridges to pay for bridge structure, renovations and many other highway projects. As Jacksonville grew, bell plaza created bottlenecks and caused delays and accidents during first-come-first-serve hours. In 1988, Jacksonville voters chose to eliminate toll collection and replace the gross with a ½ cent local sales tax increase. In 1989, the bell booths were removed. Interstate 10 ( I-10 ) and I-95 intersect in Jacksonville, forming the busiest expressway exchange in the region with 200,000 vehicles each day. [ 200 ] I-10 ends at this intersection ( the other end being in Santa Monica, California ). additionally, State Road 202 ( J. Turner Butler Boulevard ) provides expressway access to the Jacksonville beaches from I-95 on the Southside. . I-95 has a bypass route, I-295, which encircles the downtown area. The major expressway interchange at I-295 and SR 202 was ultimately completed on December 24, 2008. SR 9B was completed in belated 2019, and connects I-295 ‘s southeast corner to the Bayard Area. [ 201 ] The SR 9B expressway will be called I-795 when it is completed. U.S. Highway 1 ( US 1 ) and US 17 travel through the city from the confederacy to the north, and US 23 enters the city running concurrently with US 1. In downtown, US 23 splits from US 1 and quickly runs to its southerly terminus. The eastern terminus of US 90 is in nearby Jacksonville Beach near the Atlantic Ocean. US 23 ‘s other goal is in Mackinaw City, Michigan .
several regional department of transportation projects have been undertaken in holocene years to deal with congestion on Jacksonville freeways. A $ 152 million stick out to create a high-speed exchange at the intersection of Interstates 10 and 95 began in February 2005, after the conclusion of Super Bowl XXXIX. construction was expected to take about six years with multiple lane flyovers and the prerequisite that the exchange remain unfold throughout the project. The previous shape used one lane, low travel rapidly, curved ramps which created backups during rush hours and contributed to accidents. [ 202 ] besides, construction of 9B, future Interstate 795, is presently afoot .

transportation system system [edit ]

The Jacksonville Skyway is an automated people mover connecting Florida State College at Jacksonville business district campus, the Northbank cardinal clientele district, Convention Center, and Southbank locations. The system includes 8 stops connected by two lines. The existing prepare is a UMIII monorail built by Bombardier. The guideway consists of concrete beams which rest atop an unusually large support structure not used in most monorail systems. Maximum focal ratio for the educate is 48 kilometers per hour ( 30 miles per hour ). [ 203 ] A monorail was first proposed in the 1970s as share of a mobility design hoping to attract interest from the Urban Mass Transit Administration ‘s Downtown Peoplemover Program. The initial study was undertaken by the Florida Department of Transportation and Jacksonville ‘s plan department, who took the Skyway undertaking to the Jacksonville Transportation Authority ( JTA ) in 1977. Following farther development and a final 18-month feasibility learn, the UMTA selected Jacksonville as one of seven cities to receive federal fund for an automatize people proposer. Two other related projects are Miami ‘s Metromover and Detroit ‘s People Mover. UMTA ‘s approved plan called for the construction of a 2.5-mile ( 4.0 kilometer ) Phase I system to be built in three segments .

Modal characteristics [edit ]

In 2014, the Jacksonville was among the top boastfully cities ranked by percentage of commuters who drove to work entirely ( 80 percentage ). [ 204 ] According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 80 percentage of city of Jacksonville residents commuted in single-occupancy vehicles, 8.6 percentage carpooled, 2.6 percentage used populace department of transportation, and 2.7 percentage walked. All other forms of exile combined for 1.7 percentage of the commuter modal auxiliary verb share, while 4.5 percentage worked out of the base. [ 205 ] Some patterns of car ownership are like to national averages. In 2015, 8.3 percentage of city of Jacksonville households lacked a car, which increased slenderly to 8.7 percentage in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percentage in 2016. Jacksonville averaged 1.62 cars per family in 2016, compared to a national median of 1.8. [ 206 ]

rail [edit ]

CSX 5508 fix to put position car on Silver Meteor Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides daily service from the Jacksonville Amtrak Station on Clifford Lane in the northwest segment of the city. Two trains presently stop there, the Silver Meteor and Silver Star. Jacksonville was besides served by the thrice-weekly Sunset Limited and the daily Silver Palm. Service on the Silver Palm was cut back to Savannah, Georgia in 2002. The Sunset Limited road was truncated at San Antonio, Texas as a result of the track damage in the Gulf Coast area caused by Hurricane Katrina on August 28, 2005. Service was restored as far east as New Orleans by late October 2005, but Amtrak has opted not to in full restore service into Florida. Jacksonville is the headquarters of two significant freight railroads. CSX Transportation, owns a big construct on the business district riverbank that is a significant part of the skyline. Florida East Coast Railway and RailAmerica besides call Jacksonville home .

Airports [edit ]

Jacksonville is served by Jacksonville International Airport ( IATA : JAX, ICAO : KJAX, FAA LID : JAX ), 13 miles north of business district, with 82 departures a day to 27 around-the-clock address cities. Airports in Jacksonville are managed by the Jacksonville Aviation Authority ( JAA ). Smaller aircraft habit Jacksonville Executive at Craig Airport ( IATA : CRG, ICAO : KCRG, FAA LID : CRG ) in Arlington, Herlong Recreational Airport ( ICAO : KHEG, FAA LID : HEG ) on the Westside, and Cecil Airport ( IATA : VQQ, ICAO : KVQQ, FAA LID : VQQ ), at Cecil Commerce Center. The state of Florida has designated Cecil Airport a space interface, allowing horizontal rise spacecraft to use the facility .

Seaports [edit ]

public seaports in Jacksonville are managed by the Jacksonville Port Authority, known as JAXPORT. Four modern deepwater ( 40 feet ( 12 thousand ) ) seaport facilities, including America ‘s newest cruise larboard, make Jacksonville a full-service international seaport. In FY2006, JAXPORT handled 8.7 million tons of cargo, including closely 610,000 vehicles, which ranks Jacksonville 2nd in the state in car handle, behind only the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. [ 207 ] The 20 other nautical facilities not managed by the Port Authority move about 10 million tons of extra cargo in and out of the St. Johns River. In terms of total tonnage, the Port of Jacksonville ranks 40th nationally ; within Florida, it is 3rd behind Tampa and Port Everglades. In 2003, the JAXPORT Cruise Terminal opened, providing cruise service for 1,500 passengers to Key West, Florida, the Bahamas, and Mexico via Carnival Cruise Lines ship, Celebration, which was retired in April 2008. For about five months, no cruises originated from Jacksonville until September 20, 2008, when the cruise ship Fascination departed with 2,079 passengers. [ 208 ] In fiscal year 2006, there were 78 cruise transport sailings with 128,745 passengers. [ 209 ] A JaxPort spokesperson said in 2008 that they expect 170,000 passengers to sail each year. [ 210 ] Jacksonville Fire and Rescue operates a flit of three fireboats. [ 211 ] Its vessels are called on to fight approximately 75 fires per class. [ 212 ] The Mayport Ferry connects the north and south ends of State Road A1A between Mayport and Fort George Island, and is the last active ferry in Florida. The state of Florida transferred duty for ferry operations to JAXPORT on October 1, 2007 .

Utilities [edit ]

basic utilities in Jacksonville ( water, sewer, electric ) are provided by JEA ( once the Jacksonville Electric Authority ). According to Article 21 of the Jacksonville City Charter ,

JEA is authorized to own, pull off and operate a utilities system within and outside the City of Jacksonville. JEA is created for the carry aim of acquiring, constructing, engage, finance and otherwise have plenary assurance with regard to electric, water, sewer, natural gas and such early utility systems as may be under its control now or in the future. [ 213 ]

People ‘s Gas is Jacksonville ‘s natural gasoline supplier. Comcast is Jacksonville ‘s local anesthetic cable supplier. AT & T ( once BellSouth ) is Jacksonville ‘s local phone provider, and their U-Verse service offers television, internet, and VoIP earphone service to customers served by fiber-to-the-premises or fiber-to-the-node using a VRAD. The city has a successful recycling program with break pickups for drivel, yard waste and recycle. collection is provided by several private companies under contract to the City of Jacksonville .

Health [edit ]

Landing pad at Baptist Medical Center Downtown major players in the Jacksonville health care industry include St. Vincent ‘s HealthCare, Baptist Health and UF Health Jacksonville for local residents. additionally, Nemours Children ‘s Clinic and Mayo Clinic Jacksonville each drawing card patients regionally. The TaxExemptWorld.com web site, which compiles Internal Revenue Service datum, reported that in 2007, there are 2,910 distinct, active, tax exempt/non-profit organizations in Jacksonville which, excluding Credit Unions, had a sum income of $ 7.08 billion and assets of $ 9.54 billion. [ 214 ] There are 333 charitable organizations with assets of over $ 1 million. The largest share of assets was tied to Medical facilities, $ 4.5 billion. The problems of the homeless are addressed by several non-profits, most notably the Sulzbacher Center and the Clara White Mission .

noteworthy people [edit ]

baby cities [edit ]

Jacksonville ‘s sister cities are : [ 215 ]
In 2000, Sister Cities International awarded Jacksonville the Innovation Arts & Culture Award for the city ‘s program with Nantes. [ citation needed ]

See besides [edit ]

Notes [edit ]

1. ^ Mean monthly utmost and minimum ( i.e. the expect highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given calendar month ) calculated based on data at said localization from 1991 to 2020 .
2. ^ official records for Jacksonville were kept at downtown from September 1871 to December 1955, Imeson Field from 1 January 1956 to 18 January 1971, and at Jacksonville Int’l since 19 January 1971. For more information, see ThreadEx

References [edit ]

promote take [edit ]

Jacksonville, Florida at Wikipedia’s at Wikipedia ‘s

sister projects

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