Rolls of Oléron – Wikipedia

Rolls of Oléron
Created	Between 1160 and 1286
Purpose	Maritime Law

The Rolls of Oléron ( french : Jugements de la mer, Rôles d’Oléron ) are the oldest and best-known sea law regulating chivalric transportation in North-western Europe. The Rolls of Oleron were the first common sea law written in the Isle of Oléron, France, in the belated twelfth century, prior to 1180, later evolving to encompass Northern Europe. Any later sea laws written in Northern Europe are largely based on or inspired by the Rôles d’Oléron. sometimes known as the “ Lawes of Pleron, ” they besides formed the basis of similar agreements among 17th and eighteenth century pirates, known as Articles. [ 2 ]

lineage [edit ]

The Rolls of Oleron originally regulated the wine deal from Brittany and Normandy to England, Scotland and Flanders but were widely disseminated in the subsequently Middle Ages and became an significant ocean police .

unlike sources of origin [edit ]

There is some disagreement among historians as to how and when the Rolls of Oléron came into universe. One of the oldest belief is that Eleanor of Aquitaine had the laws written down around 1160 when she returned from the Holy Land. Another theory is that her son, Richard I, had them written down after his own return from the Holy Land towards the end of the twelfth century, but that is highly improbable. There is no signal in the Rolls that person american samoa crucial as a king or queen had anything to do with its creation. Some holocene historians have argued that the Rolls were written in the thirteenth hundred, between 1224 and 1286.

etymology [edit ]

The Rolls of Oleron are named after the Isle of Oléron for an ill-defined reason. One theory is that one of the manuscripts was copied from an exemplar of the ‘ Jugements de la mer ’ ‘ that was kept on the island and that the name stick. The Rolls of Oleron are known by a variety of names, which include the “ Rules of Oléron ”, [ 8 ] the “ Law of Oléron ”, [ 9 ] the “ Charter of Oléron of the Judgments of the Sea ” and the “ Judgements of Oléron ”. Its flemish translation became known as the “ Vonnesse avant-garde Damme ” .

social organization and subject [edit ]

The original text of the Rolls of Oleron contained 24 articles, but because some articles were subsequently omitted, divided or combined in the diverse copies, surviving text sometimes include a different number of judgements. Each article regulates aspects of sea shipping, such as the payment of freight in case of shipwreck, the reimbursement of damages, and the securement of both the ship and the cargo.

distribution and common custom [edit ]

In France, the Rolls of Oleron had been adopted as the official sea law by 1364. The document was originally written in French and belated translated into spanish, Scots and Flemish/Dutch. It is probable that the Scots translation is based on the french interpretation because of similarities. It does not appear that the court in Aberdeen used the translate version in its legal practice.

The Flemish/Dutch translation is known as the Vonesse van Damme. The oldest extant copies of the Rolls are in the Little Red Book of Bristol [ 14 ] and the Liber Horn. In the second half of the fourteenth century, the Ordinancie appeared as a new ocean jurisprudence in the Zuiderzee area in the Netherlands. In most manuscripts, that law was combined with the Vonesse vanguard Damme. Some historians have argued that the Ordinancie was written as a addendum to the Rolls, but that is not likely because two laws in the Ordinancie were copied directly from the Rolls, and the rest regulates approximately the same subjects as the Rolls. The Rolls of Oleron had been formally adopted in England by the reign of King Edward III : in 1351, a Bristol inquest confirmed that the rolls had legislative act of jurisprudence. Most cargo of wine was done with English ships and crowd. therefore, the crowd needed to know the rules. According to Albrecht Cordes, in the fourteenth century, the influence of the Rolls of Oleron extended to Spain and, most importantly, to Flanders, where they were translated into Flemish. [ 18 ] however, the Rolls of Oleron were integrated in the Navarrese charter of San Sebastián in 1180, which uummarsed practices already used along the coast of the Cantabrian Sea ( Gulf of Biscay ) and overall the European Atlantic coast. [ 19 ] The Rolls of Oleron were relatively short-change compared to other contemporary sea laws and, as such, can be considered to have been among the easiest to use. [ 18 ]

today [edit ]

The Rolls of Oleron were included in the Black Book of the Admiralty in 1336, but the original book unfortunately disappeared from the register of the High Court of Admiralty at the beginning of the nineteenth hundred. [ 20 ] merely a few manuscript copies of parts of this script, some date to about 1420, are extant and kept in the british Library and the Bodleian Library. The laws are silent occasionally cited as agency by U.S. courts. [ 21 ]

Sources [edit ]

bibliography [edit ]

farther reading [edit ]

• Benedict EC, Jhirad EE, Knauth AW and Knauth CR (1973) Benedict on Admiralty Volume 1, Ch II, § 26. M. Bender.