City and one authority sphere in England
Southampton ( ) is a port city in the ceremony county of Hampshire on the south coast of England. It is located on the southerly coast of Great Britain, approximately 70 mi ( 110 kilometer ) southwest of London and 15 michigan ( 24 kilometer ) west of Portsmouth. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The city forms region of the South Hampshire built-up sphere, which besides covers Portsmouth and the towns of Havant, Waterlooville, Eastleigh, Fareham, and Gosport.
Reading: Southampton – Wikipedia
A major port, [ 8 ] and close to the New Forest, it lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water, at the confluence of the River Test and Itchen, [ 9 ] with the River Hamble join to the south. Southampton is noted for its as being the passing point for the RMS Titanic, [ 10 ] and family to 500 of the people who perished on board. [ 11 ] The Spitfire was built in the city, [ 12 ] and Southampton has a strong association with the Mayflower, being the deviation charge before the vessel was forced to return to Plymouth. More recently, Southampton is known as the home port of some of the largest cruise ships in the world. [ 13 ] Southampton is besides [ 14 ] one of the largest retail destinations in the South of England. The city was heavily bombed during the second World War during what was known as the Southampton Blitz. It was one of the major boarding points for D-Day. It was besides where troops left England for the Battle of Agincourt and was itself victim of a number of raids from french pirates in the Middle Ages, leading to the construction of the strengthen town walls, many of which still stand today. Jane Austen besides lived in Southampton for a number of years. Some noteworthy employers in the city include the University of Southampton, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, Associated British Ports and Carnival UK. [ 15 ] The unitary authority sphere of Southampton had a population of 253,651 at the 2011 census, making it one of the most populous cities in Southern England. [ 2 ] Southampton forms character of the larger South Hampshire conurbation .
history [edit ]
archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the Stone Age. [ 16 ] Following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 and the conquest of the local anesthetic Britons in AD 70 the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trade port and defensive outpost of Winchester, at the web site of modern Bitterne Manor. Clausentum was defended by a wall and two ditches and is thought to have contained a bath house. [ 17 ] Clausentum was not abandoned until around 410. [ 16 ] The Anglo-Saxons formed a new, larger, colony across the Itchen centred on what is now the St Mary ‘s area of the city. The settlement was known as Hamwic, [ 16 ] which evolved into Hamtun and then Hampton. [ 18 ] Archaeological excavations of this locate have uncovered one of the best collections of Saxon artefacts in Europe. [ 16 ] It is from this town that the county of Hampshire gets its name. Viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the ninth hundred, [ 19 ] and by the tenth hundred a arm colony, which became medieval Southampton, had been established. [ 20 ]
11th–13th century [edit ]
Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Southampton became the major port of theodolite between the then capital of England, Winchester, and Normandy. Southampton Castle was built in the twelfth century [ 21 ] and surviving remains of 12th-century merchants ‘ houses such as King John’s House and Canute’s Palace are tell of the wealth that existed in the town at this time. [ 22 ] By the thirteenth hundred Southampton had become a leading larboard, particularly involved in the consequence of french wine [ 20 ] in exchange for English fabric and wool. [ 23 ] The Franciscan friary in Southampton was founded circa 1233. [ 24 ] The friars constructed a water system supply system in 1290, which carried water from Conduit Head ( remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, Shirley ) some 1.1 mi ( 1.7 kilometer ) to the site of the friary inside the town walls. [ 25 ] [ verification needed ] Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road .
fourteenth hundred [edit ]
region of Southampton ‘s Town Walls The friars granted use of the water to the township in 1310. [ 25 ] between 1327 and 1330, the King and Council received a prayer from the people of Southampton. The community of Southampton claimed that Robert Batail of Winchelsea and early men of the Cinque Ports came to Southampton under the guise that they were a part of Thomas of Lancaster ‘s rebellion against Edward II. The community thought that they were in conspiracy with Hugh lupus erythematosus Despenser the Younger. The request states that, the supposed rebels in the Despenser War ‘came to Southampton seaport, and burnt their ships, and their goods, chattels and merchandise which was in them, and carried off early goods, chattels and merchandise of theirs find there, and took some of the ships with them, to a loss to them of £8000 and more. ‘ [ 26 ] For their petition to the King somewhere after 1321 and before 1327 earned some of the people of Southampton a prison sentence at Portchester Castle, possibly for insinuating the king ‘s adviser Hugh lupus erythematosus Despenser the Younger acted in conspiracy with the Cinque Port men to damage Southampton, a flourishing port in the fourteenth hundred. When King Edward III came to the throne, this request was given to the king and his beget, Queen Isabella, who was in charge of the town, and the area at this stagecoach probable organised the writ of trespass that took any guilt away from the community at Southampton. The town was sacked in 1338 by french, genoese and Monegasque ships ( under Charles Grimaldi, who used the rape to help found the principality of Monaco ). [ 27 ] On visiting Southampton in 1339, Edward III ordered that walls be built to “ close the town ”. The extensive rebuild — separate of the walls dates from 1175 — culminated in the completion of the western walls in 1380. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] Roughly one-half of the walls, 13 of the original towers, and six gates survive. [ 28 ] In 1348, the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton. [ 30 ]
fifteenth century [edit ]
anterior to King Henry ‘s departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the “ Southampton Plot “ — Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton —were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street. [ 31 ] They were found guilty and summarily executed outside the Bargate. [ 32 ] The city walls include God’s House Tower, built in 1417, the beginning purpose-built artillery fortification in England. [ 33 ] Over the years it has been used as home to the city ‘s artilleryman, the Town Gaol and even as storage for the Southampton Harbour Board. [ 29 ] Until September 2011, it housed the Museum of Archaeology. [ 34 ] The walls were completed in the fifteenth hundred, [ 20 ] but later development of respective new fortifications along Southampton Water and the Solent by Henry VIII meant that Southampton was no longer dependent upon its fortifications. [ 35 ] During the Middle Ages, shipbuilding had become an crucial industry for the town. Henry V ‘s celebrated warship Grace Dieu was built in Southampton and launched in 1418. [ 21 ] The friars passed on possession of the water supply organization itself to the town in 1420. [ 25 ] On the early hand, many of the chivalric buildings once situated within the town walls are now in ruins or have disappeared raw. From consecutive incarnations of the motte and bailey castle, only a section of the bailey rampart remains today, lying barely off castle Way. [ 36 ] In 1447 Henry VI granted Southampton a charter which made it a county of itself, separate for most purposes from the county of Hampshire. The township was granted its own sheriff, which it retains to this sidereal day. [ 37 ]
16th and 17th centuries [edit ]
The friary was dissolved in 1538 but its ruins remained until they were swept away in the 1940s. [ 24 ] The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620. [ 28 ] In 1642, during the English Civil War, a Parliamentary garrison moved into Southampton. [ 38 ] The Royalists advanced deoxyadenosine monophosphate far as Redbridge in March 1644 but were prevented from taking the town. [ 38 ]
eighteenth century [edit ]
Southampton became a health spa town in 1740. [ 39 ] It had besides become a popular web site for ocean bathe by the 1760s, despite the miss of a good choice beach. [ 39 ] Innovative buildings specifically for this determination were built at West Quay, with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide. [ 39 ] Southampton engineer Walter Taylor ‘s 18th-century automation of the block -making process was a meaning footfall in the Industrial Revolution. [ 40 ] The port was used for military boarding, including during 18th-century wars with the french. [ 41 ]
nineteenth hundred [edit ]
The town experienced major expansion during the priggish era. [ 21 ] The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835. [ 21 ] In October 1838 the initiation stone of the docks was laid [ 21 ] and the beginning dock opened in 1842. [ 21 ] The structural and economic exploitation of docks continued for the next few decades. [ 21 ] The railway link to London was amply opened in May 1840. [ 21 ] Southampton subsequently became known as The Gateway to the Empire. [ 42 ] In his 1854 book “ The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star ” John Choules described Southampton therefore : “ I hardly know a township that can show a more beautiful Main Street than Southampton, except it be Oxford. The High Street opens from the quay, and under versatile names it winds in a gently sweep line for one mile and a half, and is of very fine-looking width. The assortment of style and semblance of material in the buildings affords an exhibition of sketch, lighter and color, that I think is rarely equalled. The shops are very elegant, and the streets are kept extremely clean. ” The port was used for military boarding, including the Crimean war [ 43 ] and the Boer War. [ 44 ] A new pier, with ten landing stages, was opened by the Duke of Connaught on 2 June 1892. [ 37 ]
twentieth century [edit ]
From 1904 to 2004, the Thornycroft shipbuilding yard was a major employer in Southampton, [ 21 ] build up and repairing ships used in the two World Wars. [ 21 ] In 1912, the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton. 497 men ( four in five of the crew on control panel the vessel ) were Sotonians, [ 45 ] with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city. [ 28 ] Southampton was subsequently the home plate port for the transatlantic passenger services operated by Cunard with their Blue Riband lining RMS Queen Mary and her running match RMS Queen Elizabeth. In 1938, Southampton docks besides became home to the flying boats of Imperial Airways. [ 21 ] Southampton Container Terminals first opened in 1968 [ 21 ] and has continued to expand. Southampton was designated No. 1 military Embarkation port during the Great War [ 21 ] and became a major center for treating the return wounded and POWs. [ 21 ] It was besides cardinal to the preparations for the Invasion of Europe in 1944. [ 21 ] The Supermarine Spitfire was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the Schneider trophy -winning seaplanes of the 1920s and 1930s. Its interior designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his theater is nowadays marked with a blue sky brass. [ 46 ] Heavy bombing of the Woolston factory in September 1940 destroyed it angstrom well as homes in the vicinity, killing civilians and workers. World War II hit Southampton particularly hard because of its strategic importance as a major commercial larboard and industrial area. Prior to the Invasion of Europe, components for a Mulberry harbor were built here. [ 21 ] After D-Day, Southampton docks handled military cargo to help keep the Allied forces supplied, [ 21 ] making it a key aim of Luftwaffe bombing raids until late 1944. [ 47 ] Southampton docks was featured in the television prove 24 : be Another Day in Day 9 : 9:00 post meridiem – 10:00 p.m. [ 48 ] Some 630 people lost their lives as a resultant role of the tune raids on Southampton and about 2,000 more were injured, not to mention the thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed. [ 49 ] Pockets of georgian architecture survived the war, but much of the city was levelled. There has been extensive renovation since World War II. [ 21 ] Increasing traffic congestion in the 1920s led to partial derivative destruction of chivalric walls around the Bargate in 1932 and 1938. [ 21 ] however, a large share of those walls remain. A Royal Charter in 1952 promote University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton. [ 21 ] In 1964 Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton, [ 21 ] and because of the local Government Act 1972 was turned into a non-metropolitan zone within the Hampshire county in 1973. Southampton City Council took over most of the functions of Hampshire County Council within the city in April 1997 ( including education and social services, but not the fire service ), and thus became a unitary authority. [ 50 ]
twenty-first century [edit ]
In the 2010s several developments to the inner-city of Southampton were completed. In 2016 the south section of West Quay, or West Quay South, primitively known as West Quay Watermark, was opened to the public. Its public plaza has been used for several annual events, such as an internal-combustion engine skating rink during the winter season, [ 51 ] and a public broadcast of the Wimbledon tennis championship. [ 52 ] Two modern buildings, the John Hansard Gallery with City Eye and a secondary site for the University of Southampton ‘s Nuffield Theatre, in addition to respective flats, were built in the “ cultural quarter ” adjacent to Guildhall Square in 2017. [ 53 ]
administration [edit ]
After the establishment of Hampshire County Council, following the passage of the 1888 local anesthetic Government Act, Southampton became a county borough within the county of Hampshire, which meant that the Corporation in Southampton had the aggregate powers of a lower-tier ( borough ) and an upper-tier ( county ) council within the city boundaries, while the new county council was responsible for upper-tier functions outside the city of Southampton. The ancient shire county, along with its associated assizes, was known as the County of Southampton [ 54 ] or Southamptonshire. [ 55 ] This was officially changed to Hampshire in 1959, although the county had been normally known as Hampshire ( and previously Hantescire – the beginning of the abbreviation “ Hants. ” ) for centuries. In the reorganization of English and Welsh local politics that took effect on 1 April 1974, Southampton lost its county borough when it became a non-metropolitan zone ( i.e. with lower-tier local government functions alone ) within a modify non-metropolitan county of Hampshire ( Bournemouth and Christchurch were transferred to the neighbor non-metropolitan county of Dorset ). From this date, Hampshire County Council became responsible for all upper-tier functions within its boundaries, including Southampton, until local government was once again reorganised in the late 1990s. Southampton as a port and city has had a long history of administrative independence of the surrounding County ; as far back as the predominate of King John the town and its port were removed from the writ of the King ‘s Sheriff in Hampshire and the rights of customs and toll were granted by the King to the burgesses of Southampton over the port of Southampton and the Port of Portsmouth ; [ 56 ] this tax farm was granted for an annual fee of £200 in the charter dated at Orival on 29 June 1199. The definition of the port of Southampton was apparently broader than today and embraced all of the area between Lymington and Langstone. The corporation had resident representatives in Newport, Lymington and Portsmouth. [ 57 ] By a rent of Henry VI, granted on 9 March 1446/7 ( 25+26 Hen. VI, m. 52 ), the mayor, bailiffs and burgesses of the towns and ports of Southampton and Portsmouth became a County incorporate and separate from Hampshire. The condition of the town was changed by a later rent of Charles I by at once the formal separation from Portsmouth and the recognition of Southampton as a county. The formal style of the town became “ The Town and County of the Town of Southampton ”. [ citation needed ] These charters and Royal Grants, of which there were many, besides set out the government and regulation of the town and larboard which remained the “ fundamental law ” of the town until the local government organization of the late victorian period when the Local Government Act 1888 set up County Councils and County Borough Councils across England and Wales, including Southampton County Borough Council. Under this government, “ The Town and County of the Town of Southampton ” became a county borough with responsibility for all aspects of local anesthetic government. On 24 February 1964 Elizabeth II, by Letters Patent, granted the County Borough of Southampton the title of “ City ”, so creating “ The City and County of the City of Southampton ”. [ 58 ] This did not, however, affect its composition or powers. The city has undergo many changes to its government over the centuries and once again became administratively mugwump from Hampshire County as it was made into a one authority in a local government reorganization on 1 April 1997, a result of the 1992 local anesthetic Government Act. The zone remains contribution of the Hampshire ceremonial county. Southampton City Council consists of 48 councillors, 3 for each of the 16 wards. Council elections are held in early May for one one-third of the seats ( one council member for each ward ), elected for a four-year condition, so there are elections three years out of four. The Conservative Party has held overall control since 2021 ; after the 2021 council elections the composition of the council is :
| Party | Members | |
|---|---|---|
| Conservative | 25 | |
| Labour | 23 | |
| Total | 48[60] | |
There are three members of Parliament for the city : Royston Smith ( Conservative ) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency covering the east of the city ; Dr Alan Whitehead ( Labour ) for Southampton Test, which covers the west of the city ; and Caroline Nokes ( Conservative ) for Romsey and Southampton North, which includes a northerly share of the city. The city has a Mayor and is one of 16 cities and towns in England and Wales to have a ceremony sheriff who acts as a deputy for the Mayor. The stream and 799th Mayor of Southampton is Alex Houghton. [ 61 ] Jacqui Rayment is the current and 584nd sheriff. [ 61 ] The town town crier from 2004 until his death in 2014 was John Melody, who acted as master of ceremonies in the city and who possessed a cry of 104 decibels. [ 62 ]
Twinned Towns [edit ]
Southampton City Council has developed twinning links with Le Havre in France ( since 1973 ), [ 63 ] [ 64 ] [ 65 ] [ 66 ] Rems-Murr-Kreis in Germany ( since 1991 ), [ 65 ] Trieste in Italy ( since 2002 ), Hampton, Virginia, in the US, [ 67 ] [ 68 ] [ 69 ] Qingdao in China ( since 1998 ), [ 65 ] Busan in South Korea ( since 1978 ), [ 70 ] and Miami, Florida, besides in the USA ( since 14 June 2019 ). [ 71 ]
geography [edit ]
The geography of Southampton is influenced by the sea and rivers. The city lies at the northern tip of the Southampton Water, a deep water estuary, which is a ria formed at the end of the last Ice Age. here, the rivers Test and Itchen converge. [ 72 ] The Test — which has a salt marsh that makes it ideal for salmon fishing [ 73 ] — runs along the westerly border of the city, while the Itchen splits Southampton in two—east and west. The city center is located between the two rivers. Town Quay is the original populace quay, and dates from the thirteenth century. nowadays ‘s eastern Docks were created in the 1830s by land reclamation of the mud flats between the Itchen and Test estuaries. The western Docks date from the 1930s when the Southern Railway Company commissioned a major state reclamation and dredging broadcast. [ 74 ] Most of the fabric used for reclamation came from dredging of Southampton Water, [ 75 ] to ensure that the port can continue to handle large ships. Southampton Water has the profit of a double high tide, with two high tide peaks, [ 76 ] making the campaign of large ships easier. [ 77 ] This is not caused as popularly supposed by the presence of the Isle of Wight, but is a function of the shape and depth of the English Channel. In this area the general water stream is distorted by more local anesthetic conditions reaching across to France. [ 78 ] The city lies in the Hampshire Basin, which sits atop chalk beds. [ 72 ] The River Test runs along the western surround of the city, separating it from the New Forest. There are bridges over the screen from Southampton, including the road and track bridges at Redbridge in the confederacy and the M27 expressway to the north. The river Itchen runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several places. The northernmost bridge, and the first base to be built, [ 79 ] is at Mansbridge, where the A27 road crosses the Itchen. The original bridge is closed to road traffic, but is still standing and open to pedestrians and cyclists. The river is bridged again at Swaythling, where Woodmill Bridge separates the tidal and not tidal sections of the river. Further south is Cobden Bridge which is noteworthy as it was opened as a free bridge ( it was originally named the Cobden Free Bridge ), and was never a price bridge. downriver of the Cobden Bridge is the Northam Railway Bridge, then the Northam Road Bridge, which was the first major pre-stressed concrete bridge to be constructed in the United Kingdom. [ 80 ] The southernmost, and newest, bridge on the Itchen is the Itchen Bridge, which is a toll bridge .
Areas and suburbs [edit ]
Southampton is divided into council wards, suburbs, constituencies, ecclesiastical parishes, and early less ball areas. It has a number of parks and green spaces, the largest being the 148-hectare Southampton Common, [ 81 ] parts of which are used to host the annual summer festivals, circuses and fun fairs. The Common includes Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre [ 82 ] on the former locate of Southampton Zoo, a toddle pool and several lakes and ponds. council estates are in the Weston, Thornhill and Townhill Park districts. The city is ranked 96th most deprived out of all 354 Local Authorities in England. [ 83 ] In 2006–2007, 1,267 residential dwellings were built in the city — the highest number for 15 years. Over 94 per cent of these were flats. [ 84 ] There are 16 electoral Wards in Southampton, each consisting of longer-established neighbourhoods ( see below ). Settlements outside the city are sometimes considered suburb of Southampton, including Chartwell Green, Chilworth, Nursling, Rownhams, Totton, Eastleigh and West conclusion. The villages of Marchwood, Ashurst and Hedge End may be considered exurbs of Southampton .
climate [edit ]
As with the respite of the UK, Southampton experiences an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ). Its southerly, low-lying and shelter localization ensures it is among the warm, sunnier cities in the UK. It has held the criminal record for the highest temperature in the UK for June at 35.6 °C ( 96.1 °F ) since 1976. [ 85 ] [ 86 ]
| Climate data for Southampton, elevation: 19 m (62 ft), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1853–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.9 (60.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
27.6 (81.7) |
31.7 (89.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
34.8 (94.6) |
35.1 (95.2) |
30.6 (87.1) |
28.9 (84.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
35.6 (96.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) |
8.6 (47.5) |
11.1 (52.0) |
14.0 (57.2) |
17.5 (63.5) |
20.2 (68.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
19.8 (67.6) |
15.6 (60.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
8.9 (48.0) |
15.1 (59.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.7 (42.3) |
5.6 (42.1) |
7.6 (45.7) |
9.9 (49.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
16.0 (60.8) |
18.1 (64.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
15.6 (60.1) |
12.3 (54.1) |
8.6 (47.5) |
6.1 (43.0) |
11.4 (52.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) |
2.6 (36.7) |
4.1 (39.4) |
5.7 (42.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
11.7 (53.1) |
13.7 (56.7) |
13.7 (56.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
8.9 (48.0) |
5.4 (41.7) |
3.2 (37.8) |
7.7 (45.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −16.6 (2.1) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
1.8 (35.2) |
5.6 (42.1) |
4.4 (39.9) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−16.6 (2.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 81.4 (3.20) |
58.3 (2.30) |
60.0 (2.36) |
50.7 (2.00) |
49.0 (1.93) |
50.4 (1.98) |
42.0 (1.65) |
50.4 (1.98) |
60.4 (2.38) |
93.8 (3.69) |
94.0 (3.70) |
89.2 (3.51) |
779.4 (30.69) |
| Average precipitation days ( ≥ 1.0 millimeter ) | 12.2 | 9.2 | 10.1 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.8 | 114.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 63.3 | 84.4 | 118.3 | 179.8 | 212.1 | 211.2 | 221.8 | 207.7 | 148.1 | 113.0 | 76.6 | 52.9 | 1,689.3 |
| Source 1: Met Office[87] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: KNMI[88] | |||||||||||||
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) | 9.0 °C (48.2 °F) | 8.6 °C (47.5 °F) | 9.8 °C (49.6 °F) | 11.4 °C (52.5 °F) | 13.5 °C (56.3 °F) | 15.3 °C (59.5 °F) | 16.8 °C (62.2 °F) | 17.3 °C (63.1 °F) | 16.2 °C (61.2 °F) | 14.4 °C (57.9 °F) | 11.8 °C (53.2 °F) | 12.8 °C (55.0 °F) |
Energy [edit ]
Southampton ‘s geothermal power station The center of Southampton is located above a boastfully hot water aquifer that provides geothermal power to some of the city ‘s buildings. This energy is processed at a plant in the West Quay region in Southampton city kernel, the only geothermal world power station in the UK. The plant provides secret electricity for the Port of Southampton and hot water to the Southampton District Energy Scheme used by many buildings including the Westquay shop center. In a 2006 survey of carbon emissions in major UK cities conducted by British Gas, Southampton was ranked as being one of the lowest carbon-emitting cities in the United Kingdom. [ 90 ]
Demographics [edit ]
2016 mid-year population estimates suggests there are 254,275 people within the Southampton sphere. [ 3 ] At the 2011 Census, the Southampton built-up area ( which is a little larger than the sphere controlled by the City Council ) had a population of 253,651. [ 2 ] There were 127,630 males and 126,021 females. [ 2 ] The 30–44 historic period scope is the most populous, with 51,989 people falling in this age scope. future largest is the 45–59 range with 42,317 people and then 20–24 years with 30,290. [ 2 ] The cultural blend is 86.4 % blank, 8.1 % were asian or british Asian, 2.0 % black, 1.1 % other ethnic groups, and 2.3 % were multiethnic. [ 2 ] between 1996 and 2004, the population of the city increased by 4.9 per penny — the tenth-biggest increase in England. [ 91 ] In 2005 the Government Statistics stated that Southampton was the third most dumbly populated city in the state after London and Portsmouth, respectively. [ 92 ] The median long time of a Sotonian was 37.6 years in 2016, ranking Southampton as one of the twenty dollar bill most youthful cities in the UK. [ 93 ] In the 2001 census Southampton and Portsmouth were recorded as being parts of separate urban areas ; however by the time of the 2011 census they had merged apolitically to become the sixth-largest built-up area in England with a population of 855,569. [ who? ] This built-up sphere is character of the metropolitan area known as South Hampshire, which is besides sometimes referred to as Solent City, peculiarly in the media when discussing development issues and local anesthetic government organizational changes. [ 94 ] [ 95 ] [ 96 ] With a population of over 1.5 million this makes the region one of the United Kingdom ‘s most populous metropolitan areas. [ 1 ]
economy [edit ]
| Sector | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture[97] | £1m | £3m | £1m | £1m |
| Business[98] | £532m | £685m | £736m | £638m |
| Construction[99] | £205m | £269m | £253m | £257m |
| Distribution[100] | £1,088m | £1,049m | £1,021m | £849m |
| Finance[101] | £342m | £397m | £548m | £459m |
In 2016/17 169,700 residents of Southampton aged 16–64 were in employment, representing a rate of 71.4 % – lower than the national rate of 74.4 %. 6600 were unemployed, representing 5 % of the economically active population. [ 102 ] In 2016/17, 24.8 % of the city ‘s resident population aged 16–64 were classed as economically passive, higher than the national rate of 21.8 %, although for over 40 % of this group the reason was that they were students. [ 102 ] just over a quarter of the jobs available in the city are in the health and education sector. A farther 19 per cent are place and early business and the third-largest sector is wholesale and retail, which accounts for 16.2 per cent. [ 103 ] Between 1995 and 2004, the number of jobs in Southampton has increased by 18.5 per penny. [ 91 ] In January 2007, the average annual wage in the city was £22,267. This was £1,700 lower than the national average and £3,800 less than the average for the South East. [ 104 ]
Southampton has constantly been a port, and the docks have long been a major employer in the city. In particular, it is a larboard for cruise ships ; its flower was the first half of the twentieth hundred, and in particular the inter-war years, when it handled about half the passenger traffic of the UK. nowadays it remains home to luxury cruise ships, ampere well as being the largest cargo port on the Channel coast and fourth-largest UK larboard by tonnage, [ 105 ] with several container terminals. Unlike some other ports, such as Liverpool, London, and Bristol, where industry and docks have largely moved out of the city centres leaving room for renovation, Southampton retains much of its inner-city industry. Despite the still-active and expanding docklands to the west of the city concentrate, further enhanced with the open of a fourthly cruise concluding in 2009, parts of the easterly docks have been redeveloped ; the Ocean Village development, which included a local marina and small entertainment complex, is a good exemplar. Southampton is home to the headquarters of both the Maritime and Coastguard Agency and the Marine Accident Investigation Branch of the Department for Transport in addition to cruise operator Carnival UK. [ 106 ] [ 107 ] During the latter half of the twentieth hundred, a more diverse scope of industry besides came to the city, including aircraft and car manufacture, cables, electric engineer products, and petrochemicals. These now exist alongside the city ‘s older industries of the docks, grain mill and tobacco processing. [ 9 ]
Westquay Shopping Centre
Westquay South University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust is one of the city ‘s largest employers. It provides local hospital services to 500,000 people in the Southampton area and specialist regional services to more than 3 million people across the South of England. The Trust owns and manages Southampton General Hospital, the Princess Anne Hospital and a palliative worry service at Countess Mountbatten House, part of the Moorgreen Hospital locate in the village of West End, merely outside the city. other major employers in the city include Ordnance Survey, the UK ‘s national mapping representation, whose headquarters is located in a newfangled building on the outskirts of the city, opened in February 2011. [ 108 ] The Lloyd ‘s Register Group has announced plans to move its London marine operations to a particularly develop site at the University of Southampton. [ 109 ] Southampton ‘s largest retail kernel, and 35th-largest in the UK, is the Westquay Shopping Centre, which opened in September 2000 and hosts major high street stores including John Lewis and Marks and Spencer. The center was Phase Two of the West Quay development of the early Pirelli submarine cables factory ; the inaugural phase of this was the West Quay Retail Park, while the one-third phase ( Watermark WestQuay ) was put on hold due to the recess. work resumed in 2015, with plans for this third gear stage including shops, house, an hotel and a public plaza alongside the Town Walls on western Esplanade. [ 110 ] Southampton has besides been granted a license for a large casino. [ 111 ] A far contribution of the renovation of the West Quay locate resulted in a raw store, opened on 12 February 2009, for Swedish home products retailer IKEA. [ 112 ] Marlands is a smaller denounce center, built in the 1990s on the web site of the erstwhile bus place and located near to the northerly side of Westquay. In October 2014, the city council approved a follow-up from the Westquay parking lot, WestQuay Watermark. structure by Sir Robert McAlpine commenced in January 2015. [ 113 ] Its owners, Hammerson, aim to have at least 1,550 people employed on web site at year-end 2016. [ 114 ] Opened in 2016–2017, it has been renamed Westquay South. Southampton had two disused shopping centres : the 1970s Eaststreet plaza, and the 1980s Bargate center. Neither of these were always commercially successful. The erstwhile was demolished and the web site earmarked for renovation as a Morrison ‘s supermarket. It was announced in January 2017 that the Bargate Centre is besides scheduled for destruction, to be replaced by retail premises, scholar accommodation and apartments. Included are besides proposals to open access to a section of the medieval city wall in that area. [ 115 ] There is besides the East Street sphere which has been designated for forte shop, with the aim of promoting smaller retailers, alongside the range store Debenhams. In 2007, Southampton was ranked 13th for shop in the UK. [ 116 ] Southampton ‘s potent economy is promoting renovation, and major projects are proposed, including the city ‘s first base skyscrapers on the waterfront. The three towers proposed will stand 23 storeys high and will be surrounded by smaller apartment blocks, position blocks and shops. There are besides plans for a 15-storey hotel at the Ocean Village marina, [ 117 ] and a 21-storey hotel on the north easterly corner of the city center, as character of a £100 molarity development. [ 118 ] According to 2004 figures, Southampton contributes around £4.2 billion to the regional economy annually. The huge majority of this is from the serve sector, with the remainder coming from industry in the city. This figure has about doubled since 1995. [ 119 ]
culture, media and sport [edit ]
polish [edit ]
Tudor House, City Centre
SeaCity Museum, Civic Centre The city is home to the longest surviving load of medieval walls in England, [ 120 ] ampere well as a count of museums such as Tudor House Museum, reopened on 30 July 2011 after undergoing across-the-board restitution and improvement ; Southampton Maritime Museum ; [ 121 ] God ‘s House Tower, an archeology museum about the city ‘s inheritance and located in one of the loom walls ; the Medieval Merchant ‘s House ; and Solent Sky, which focuses on aviation. [ 122 ] The SeaCity Museum is located in the west wing of the civil centre, once occupied by Hampshire Constabulary and the Magistrates ‘ Court, and focuses on Southampton ‘s trade history and on the Titanic. The museum received half a million pounds from the National Lottery in addition to interest from numerous private investors and is budgeted at £28 million. The annual Southampton Boat Show is held in September each year, with over 600 exhibitors present. [ 123 ] It runs for just over a week at Mayflower Park on the city ‘s waterfront, where it has been held since 1968. [ 124 ] The Boat Show itself is the orgasm of Sea City, which runs from April to September each year to celebrate Southampton ‘s links with the sea. [ 125 ] The largest dramaturgy in the city is the 2,300-capacity Mayflower Theatre ( once known as the Gaumont ), which, as the largest field in Southern England outside London, has hosted West end shows such as Les Misérables, The Rocky Horror Show and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, equally well as regular visits from Welsh National Opera and English National Ballet. There is besides the Nuffield Theatre [ 126 ] based at the University of Southampton ‘s Highfield campus, which is the city ‘s elementary producing field. It was awarded The Stage Award for Best Regional Theatre in 2015. [ 127 ] It besides hosts touring companies and local anesthetic acting societies ( such as Southampton Operatic Society, the Maskers and the University Players ). There are many innovative art galleries in the city. The Southampton City Art Gallery at the Civic Centre is one of the best know and adenine well as a nationally authoritative Designated Collection, houses several permanent and travel exhibitions. The solent Showcase at Southampton Solent University, the John Hansard Gallery at Southampton University adenine well as smaller galleries including the Art House [ 128 ] [ better source needed ] in Above Bar Street provide a different view. [ 129 ] The city ‘s Bargate contains an art gallery rivulet by the arts organization “ a space ” who besides run the Art Vaults project. This uses several of Southampton ‘s medieval vaults, halls and cellars as venues for contemporary art installations. In August 2009, knead began on a undertaking to create a cultural quarter in the city center, on land adjacent to the Guildhall. [ 130 ] In October 2021, Southampton was shortlisted for the UK City of Culture 2025. [ 131 ]
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music [edit ]
The Mayflower Theatre Southampton has two big survive music venues, the Mayflower Theatre ( once the Gaumont Theatre ) and the Guildhall. The Guildhall has seen concerts from a broad rate of popular artists including Pink Floyd, [ 132 ] David Bowie, [ 132 ] Delirious ?, [ 133 ] Manic Street Preachers, [ 132 ] The Killers, [ 132 ] The Kaiser Chiefs, [ 132 ] Amy Winehouse, Bob Dylan, Suede, Arctic Monkeys and Oasis. [ 132 ] It besides hosts classical concerts presented by the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, [ 134 ] City of Southampton Orchestra, [ 135 ] Southampton Concert Orchestra, [ 136 ] Southampton Philharmonic Choir [ 137 ] Southampton Choral Society, [ 138 ] and the City of Southampton ( Albion ) Band. [ citation needed ] The city besides has several smaller music venues, including the Brook, Engine Rooms, [ 139 ] The 1865, [ 140 ] The Joiners [ 141 ] and Turner Sims, [ 142 ] a well as smaller “ golf club circumference ” venues like Hampton ‘s and Lennon ‘s, and a act of populace houses including the Platform tavern, the Dolphin, the Blue Keys and many others. The Joiners has played horde to such acts as Oasis, Radiohead, Green Day, Suede, PJ Harvey, the Manic Street Preachers, Coldplay, the Verve, the Libertines and Franz Ferdinand, while Hampton ‘s and Lennon ‘s have hosted early appearances by Kate Nash, Scouting for Girls and Band of Skulls. The city is home or birthplace to a number of contemporaneous musicians such as popstar Craig David, Coldplay drummer Will Champion, Alt-J singer Joe Newman, singer-songwriter Aqualung, early Holloways singer Rob Skipper, 1980s popstar Howard Jones american samoa well as Grammy Award-winning popstar Foxes. several active rock ‘n’ roll and metallic element bands were formed in Southampton, including Band of Skulls, Bury Tomorrow, Creeper and The Delays. Southampton had a big UK Garage scene, championed by the couple Artful Dodger who formed in the city in the former 1990s, [ 143 ] american samoa well as the UKG, dirty and bassline producer, Royal-T, part of the TQD group formed with DJ Q and Flava D. [ 144 ] luminary bands who are now defunct include Thomas Tantrum ( disband 2011 ), Kids Ca n’t Fly ( disband 2014 ) and Heart in Hand ( disband 2015 ) .
Media [edit ]
local media include the Southern Daily Echo newspaper based in Redbridge and BBC South, which has its regional headquarters in the city center opposite the civic center. From there the BBC broadcasts South Today, the local television receiver news bulletin and BBC Radio Solent. The local anesthetic ITV franchise is Meridian, which has its headquarters in Whiteley, around nine security service ( 14 kilometer ) from the city. Until December 2004, the place ‘s studios were located in the Northam area of the city on land reclaimed from the River Itchen. That ‘s Solent is a local television channel that began broadcasting in November 2014, which will be based in and serve Southampton and Portsmouth. Southampton besides has 4 residential district FM radio receiver stations, the Queens Award-winning Unity 101 Community Radio [ 145 ] broadcasting full-time on 101.1 FM since 2006 to the Asian and cultural communities, and Voice FM [ 146 ] located in St Mary ‘s, which has been broadcasting full-time on 103.9 FM since September 2011, playing a broad range of music from Rock to Dance music and top 40. A third station, Awaaz FM, [ 147 ] broadcasts on DAB digital to South Hampshire and on the FM dial ( 99.8 FM ) to Southampton. Awaaz FM is the biggest heathen community radio in Hampshire. It caters for the Asian and heathen community. The fourth community post is Fiesta FM and broadcasts on 95 FM. Fiesta FM is the entirely in full licensed Latin and Hispanic community radio station in the UK. As of November 2017, the most popular commercial radio post is the adult contemporary regional radio station Wave 105 ( 11.6 % listening share in its entire survey area [ 148 ] ) followed by the hit music station Capital South Coast ( 7 % ) a network station from London with local breakfast and force shows. other stations include Heart Hampshire and The Breeze ( 2.2 % ), and 106 Sam FM ( 2.7 % ). [ 149 ] In addition, Southampton University has a radio receiver station called SURGE, broadcasting on AM isthmus a well as through the web .
fun [edit ]
Southampton is home to Southampton Football Club —nicknamed “ The Saints ” ; the baseball club plays in the Premier League at St Mary ‘s Stadium, having relocated in 2001 from their 103-year-old former stadium, “ The Dell “. They reached the top fledge of English football ( First Division ) for the first prison term in 1966, staying there for eight years. They lifted the FA Cup with a daze victory over Manchester United in 1976, returned to the top flight two years late, and stayed there for 27 years ( becoming founder members of the Premier League in 1992 ) before they were relegated in 2005. The club was promoted back to the Premier League in 2012 following a brief go in the third gear tier and austere fiscal difficulties. In 2015, “ The Saints ” finished 7th in the Premier League, their highest league ending in 30 years, after a remarkable season under new coach Ronald Koeman. Their highest league side came in 1984 when they were runner-up in the old First Division. They were besides runner-up in the 1979 Football League Cup final and 2003 FA Cup final. noteworthy former managers include Ted Bates, Lawrie McMenemy, Chris Nicholl, Ian Branfoot and Gordon Strachan. There is a impregnable competition with Portsmouth F.C. ( “ South Coast derby “ ) which is located only about 20 mi ( 30 kilometer ) away. The two local Sunday Leagues in the Southampton area are the City of Southampton Sunday Football League and the Southampton and District Sunday Football League. Hampshire County Cricket Club play close to the city, at the Rose Bowl in West End, after previously playing at the County Cricket Ground and the Antelope Ground, both near the city centre. There is besides the Southampton Evening Cricket League. The city field hockey baseball club, Southampton Hockey Club, founded in 1938, is now one of the largest and highly see clubs in Hampshire, fielding 7 elder men ‘s and 5 elder women ‘s teams on a hebdomadally basis along with boys ‘ and girls ‘ teams from 6 upwards. The city is besides well provided for in amateurish men ‘s and women ‘s rugby with a phone number of teams in and around the city, the oldest of which is Trojans RFC, [ 150 ] which was promoted to London South West 2 division in 2008/9. A luminary erstwhile player is Anthony Allen, who played with Leicester Tigers as a center. Tottonians [ 151 ] are besides in London South West division 2 and Southampton RFC [ 152 ] are in Hampshire division 1 in 2009/10, aboard Millbrook RFC [ 153 ] and Eastleigh RFC. Many of the sides run miniskirt and midi teams from under sevens up to under sixteens for both boys and girls. The city provides for yachting and body of water sports, with a number of marinas. From 1977 to 2001 the Whitbread Around the World Yacht Race, now the Volvo Ocean Race, was based in Southampton ‘s Ocean Village marina .
Southampton Sports Centre is the focal compass point for the public ‘s clean and outdoor activities and includes an alpine center with a dry ski gradient, a root parking lot, and an athletics center which is used by professional athletes Along with 11 other leisure venues which were once operated by the council leisure services, the operating rights have been sold to Park Wood Leisure. [ 154 ] Southampton was named “ fittest city in the UK ” in 2006 by Men’s Fitness magazine. The results were based on the incidence of affection disease, the amount of trash food and alcohol consumed, and the degree of gymnasium membership. [ 155 ] In 2007, it had slipped one place behind London, but was calm ranked beginning when it came to the parks and park spaces available for exercise and the total of television watched by Sotonians was the lowest in the area. Thousands enter and run the Southampton Marathon in April every year. [ 156 ] Speedway and racing took place at Banister Court Stadium in the pre-war era. It returned in the 1940s after WW2 and the Saints operated until the stadium closed down at the end of 1963. A train track operated in the 1950s in the Hamble area. Greyhound racing was besides held at the stadium from 1928 to 1963. Southampton is besides home to two American football teams, the Solent Thrashers, who play at the Test Park Sports Ground, and the Southampton Stags, who play at the Wide Lane Sports Facility in Eastleigh. The world ‘s oldest surviving bowling k is the Southampton Old Bowling Green, which was first used in 1299. [ 157 ]
emergency services [edit ]
Southampton Central Police Station Southampton ‘s police service is provided by Hampshire Constabulary. The independent base of the Southampton operation is a newfangled, eight-storey purpose-built build which cost £30 million to construct. The build, located on Southern Road, opened in 2011 and is near to Southampton Central railway station. [ 158 ] previously, the cardinal Southampton process was located within the west fly of the Civic Centre ; however, the senesce facilities and the plans of constructing a raw museum in the erstwhile patrol post and magistrates court necessitated the move. There are extra police stations at Portswood and Banister Park ampere well as a british Transport Police station at Southampton Central railroad track station. In the year ending June 2019, the crime pace in Southampton was higher than the average crime rate across alike areas. [ 159 ] Southampton ‘s fire embrace is provided by Hampshire & Isle of Wight Fire and Rescue Service. There are three fire stations within the city boundaries at St Mary ‘s, Hightown and Redbridge. The ambulance servicing is provided by south Central Ambulance Service. The national headquarter of the Maritime and Coastguard Agency is located in commercial Road .
education [edit ]
The George Thomas build at the University of Southampton Southampton has two universities, namely the University of Southampton and Solent University. [ 160 ] in concert, they have a student population of 40,000. Though students numbers had increased in the 80s, 90s, and improving to 2011, they began to reduce due to changes in immigration rules and dropped far after 2016 due to Brexit. Of these, 2,880 are from EU, and the rest are from UK, Asia and Africa. [ 161 ] [ 162 ] The University of Southampton, which was founded in 1862 and received its Royal Charter as a university in 1952, has over 22,000 students. [ 163 ] The university is ranked in the top 100 research universities in the global in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2010. In 2010, the THES – QS World University Rankings positioned the University of Southampton in the top 80 universities in the worldly concern. The university considers itself one of the top 5 research universities in the UK. [ 163 ] [ 164 ] [ 165 ] The university has a global reputation for research into engineering sciences, [ 166 ] oceanography, chemistry, cancer sciences, sound and vibration research, [ 167 ] computer science and electronics and optoelectronics. It is besides home to the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton ( NOCS ), the focus of Natural Environment Research Council -funded marine research. Southampton Solent University has 17,000 [ 168 ] students and its strengths are in the train, design, consultancy, research and early services undertaken for occupation and industry. [ 169 ] It is besides host to the Warsash Maritime Academy, which provides coach and certification for the international transportation and off-shore petroleum industries. In addition to submit educate sixth forms at St Anne ‘s and Bitterne Park School and an independent sixth form at King Edward ‘s, there are two sixth-form colleges : Itchen College and Richard Taunton Sixth Form College, and a far education college, Southampton City College. A number of Southampton pupils locomotion outside the city, for example to Barton Peveril College. [ citation needed ] There are 79 state-run schools in Southampton, incorporate :
- 1 nursery school (The Hardmoor Early Years Centre in Bassett Green)
- 21 infant schools (ages 4 – 7)
- 16 junior schools (ages 7 – 11)
- 24 primary schools (ages 4 – 11)
- 8 secondary schools (ages 11 – 16)
- 2 secondary schools with sixth forms (ages 11–18)
- 3 secondary academies (Oasis Academy Mayfield, Oasis Academy Lord’s Hill and Oasis Academy Sholing)
- 5 special schools[170]
There are besides freelancer schools, including The Gregg School, St Anne ‘s Catholic School and King Edward VI School. Former autonomous schools included St Mary ‘s Independent School and The Atherley School .
transportation [edit ]
road [edit ]
Southampton is a major UK port which has good transport links with the rest of the area. The M27 expressway, linking places along the south coast of England, runs just to the north of the city. The M3 expressway links the city to London and besides, via a connection to the A34 ( character of the European route E05 ) at Winchester, with the Midlands and North. The M271 expressway is a spur of the M27, linking it with the western Docks and city center .
rail [edit ]
Southampton Central railroad track station Southampton is besides served by the rail network, which is used both by freight services to and from the docks and passenger services as part of the national rail system. The chief place in the city is Southampton Central. Rail routes run east towards Portsmouth, Chichester, Worthing and Brighton. North to Winchester, the Midlands and London. Westwards to Bournemouth, Poole, Dorchester, Weymouth, and north-westwards towards Salisbury, Bristol and Cardiff. The route to London was opened in 1840 by what was to become the London and South Western Railway Company. Both this and its successor, Southern Railway, played a meaning role in the initiation of the modern interface following their buy and development of the town ‘s docks. Local train services operate in the city and are operated by South Western Railway, with stations at Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing and Woolston. Plans were announced by Hampshire County Council in July 2009 for the introduction of tram-train running from Hythe ( on what is now a freight -only line to Fawley ) via Totton to Southampton Central Station and on to Fareham via St. Denys, and Swanwick. [ 171 ] The proposal follows a fail plan to bring light railing to the Portsmouth and Gosport areas in 2005. The town was the subject of an try by a separate company, the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway, to open another rail route to the North in the 1880s and some build cultivate, including a exist embankment, was undertaken in the Hill Lane area. [ 172 ]
Air [edit ]
Southampton Airport is a regional airport located in the town of Eastleigh, merely north of the city. It offers flights to UK and near european destinations, and is connected to the city by a frequent rail service from Southampton Airport Parkway railroad track station, [ 173 ] and by bus services. [ 174 ] For longer flights, Gatwick Airport is linked by a regular vilify service, and Heathrow Airport is linked by National Express coach services .
cruise shipping [edit ]
Queen Mary 2 at the new Ocean Terminal, with Isle of Wight passenger ferry Red Jet 3 Southampton ‘s custom of luxury cruising began in the 1840s, one of the pioneers being P & O who advertised tours to Egypt. [ 175 ] many of the populace ‘s largest cruise ships can regularly be seen in Southampton water, including record-breaking vessels from Royal Caribbean and Carnival Corporation & plc. The latter has headquarters in Southampton, with its brands including Princess Cruises, P & O Cruises and Cunard Line. The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their flit of ships. This was peculiarly apparent on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the concluding prison term amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations. [ 176 ] Cunard ships are regularly christened in the city, for model Queen Victoria was named by HRH The Duchess of Cornwall in December 2007, and the Queen named Queen Elizabeth in the city during October 2011. The Duchess of Cambridge performed the name ceremony of Royal Princess on 13 June 2013. At certain times of the year, the Queen Mary 2, Queen Elizabeth and Queen Victoria may all visit Southampton at the lapp time, in an event normally called ‘Arrival of the Three Queens ‘. The importance of Southampton to the cruise industry was indicated by P & O Cruises ‘ 175th-anniversary celebrations, which included all seven of the company ‘s liners visiting Southampton in a single day. Adonia, Arcadia, Aurora, Azura, Oceana, Oriana and Ventura all left the city in a procession on 3 July 2012. [ 177 ] The use of the port by cruise ships and bulk cargo ships has led to concerns over air quality. [ 178 ] In 2017 Southampton City Council estimated that the port contributed between seven and 23 per penny of tune pollution in the city. [ 179 ] Cruise ships must run their engines whilst docked because, unlike other cruise ship ports, Southampton does not so far provide shore power. [ 180 ] In 2019 an environmental pressure group ranked Southampton as the fifth highest in a number of 50 european ports whose publicize was polluted by sulphur oxide. [ 181 ] The cruise industry trade association Cruise Lines International Association claimed that the report was inaccurate and secondhand highly questionable methodology. [ 182 ]
ferry [edit ]
While Southampton is no long the base for any cross-channel ferries, it is the end point for three inner ferry services, all of which operate from terminals at Town Quay. Two of these, a car ferry service and a fast catamaran passenger ferry overhaul, provide links to East Cowes and Cowes, respectively, on the Isle of Wight and are operated by Red Funnel. The one-third ferry is the Hythe Ferry, providing a passenger service to Hythe on the other side of Southampton Water. Southampton used to be home to a act of ferry services to the celibate, with destinations such as San Sebastian, Lisbon, Tangier and Casablanca. A ferry larboard was built during the 1960s. [ 183 ] however, a number of these relocated to Portsmouth and by 1996, there were no longer any cable car ferries operating from Southampton with the exception of services to the Isle of Wight. The kingdom used for Southampton Ferry Port was sold off and a retail and housing development was built on the web site. The Princess Alexandra Dock was converted into a marina. Reception areas for modern cars nowadays fill the Eastern Docks where passengers, dry docks and trains used to be .
bus [edit ]
Bluestar and First Southampton buses outside the Guildhall The main bus operators are First Hampshire & Dorset, Bluestar and Xelabus. Both Bluestar and First Hants & Dorset are subsidiaries of rear companies Go-Ahead and FirstGroup respectively, whereas Xelabus is an independent. smaller operators include Wheelers and Southampton Mini Link. [ 184 ] There are two networks within Southampton which are privately funded, the first being the Unilink bus service, which was commissioned by the University of Southampton to provide transport from the university to the township, [ 185 ] and QuayConnect which runs between central post to Red Funnel ‘s port via WestQuay and is run with financing from Red Funnel. [ 186 ] There is besides a door-to-door minibus service called Southampton Dial a Ride, for residents who can not access public ecstasy. This is funded by the council and operated by SCA Support Services. [ 187 ] Most busbar services end in the city center. First Hampshire & Dorset uses Pound Tree Road and Vincent ‘s Walk as their end point ( with the exception of the X4/X5 routes which start at Portland Terrace ). Bluestar uses Vincent ‘s Walk/Hanover Buildings for their east, city and north-bound routes and Portland Terrace for their west-bound routes. Xelabus uses Vincent ‘s Walk as their main end point for its Southampton routes. [ 188 ]
tram [edit ]
A “ Lucy Box ” There was a tram system from 1879 to 1949. More late proposals to reintroduce them surfaced in 2016 [ 189 ] and 2017 [ 190 ] and a monorail organization was proposed in 1988. [ 191 ] All around Southampton are “ Lucy Boxes ” – thus called as they were made by W. Lucy & Co. and much the alone visible remnants of the tramways. They were used to inject exponent into the lines .
motorbike [edit ]
Cycling within Southampton is becoming popular and Southampton City Council announced that it would adopt a new ten class ‘Cycling Strategy ‘ from 2017, which would include the construction of multiple cycling highways throughout the city and surrounding suburbs. [ 192 ]
luminary people [edit ]
Craig David was brought up on the Holyrood estate in the city centre People hailing from Southampton are called Sotonians. [ 193 ] The city has produced a big number of musicians throughout its history, ranging from hymn writer Isaac Watts, who was born in Southampton in 1674 [ 194 ] and whose composition O God, Our Help in Ages Past is played by the bells of Southampton Civic Centre, [ 195 ] to more holocene musical acts such as singer Craig David, who grew up on the Holyrood estate of the realm, [ 196 ] Coldplay drummer Will Champion [ 197 ] and solo popstar Foxes. television personalities from Southampton include comedian Benny Hill [ 198 ] and naturalist Chris Packham, [ 199 ] and in holocene years the city has besides produced a number of competitive reality television winners such as Matt Cardle ( The X Factor, 2010 ) [ 200 ] and Shelina Permalloo ( MasterChef, 2012 ), who operates a mauritian restaurant named Lakaz Maman in Bedford Place. [ citation needed ] Radio personality Scott Mills was besides born in Southampton. [ 201 ] Novelist Jane Austen lived in Southampton for a number of years [ 202 ] and the city has besides been home to a act of artists, including Edward John Gregory, [ 203 ] Hubert von Herkomer [ 204 ] and John Everett Millais. [ 205 ] The feminist and suffragist Emily Davies was born there in 1830. [ 206 ] Sir Leon Simon, President of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, was born in Southampton. [ citation needed ] Sports people born in Southampton include rugby union actor Mike Brown [ 207 ] and Australian tennis player Wally Masur. [ 208 ] Being a port city, Southampton has been home to a total of seafarers including Charles Fryatt, who rammed a german submarine with his merchant embark during World War I ; [ 209 ] John Jellicoe, who served as Admiral of the Fleet during the like war and late became Governor-General of New Zealand ; [ 210 ] and the concluding survivor of the RMS Titanic, Millvina Dean. [ 211 ] Richard Aslatt Pearce, the first gear mute Anglican clergyman, was born in Portswood, Southampton. [ 212 ] Ally Law, YouTuber and parkour practitioner, was born in Southampton. [ 213 ] canadian pacifist Robert Edis Fairbairn ( 1879 – 1953 ) was born in Southampton. Rishi Sunak, the Chancellor of the Exchequer as of 13 February 2020 was born in Southampton in 1980. [ 214 ]
exemption of the City [edit ]
The follow people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Southampton .
Individuals [edit ]
[ 216 ] [ 217 ]
military Units [edit ]
[ 219 ]
References [edit ]
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