Rouen – Wikipedia

Rouen (, ; [ 2 ] [ 3 ] french : [ ʁwɑ̃ ] ( ) or [ ʁu.ɑ̃ ] ) [ needs Norman IPA ] is a city on the River Seine in northerly France. It is the prefecture of the region of Normandy and the department of Seine-Maritime. Formerly one of the largest and most golden cities of medieval Europe, the population of the metropolitan area ( french : aire urbaine ) is 666,035 ( 2017 ). [ 4 ] People from Rouen are known as Rouennais. Rouen was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy during the Middle Ages. It was one of the capitals of the Anglo-Norman dynasties, which ruled both England and large parts of mod France from the 11th to the fifteenth centuries. From the thirteenth century onwards, the city experienced a noteworthy economic boom, thanks in particular to the development of fabric factories and river craft. Claimed by both the french and the English during the Hundred Years ‘ War, it was on its soil that Joan of Arc was tried and burned alert on 30 May 1431. badly damaged by the wave of bombing in 1944, it however regained its economic dynamism in the post-war period thanks to its industrial sites and its large seaport, which nowadays is the fifth largest in France. Endowed with a prestige established during the medieval era, and with a long architectural inheritance in its diachronic monuments, Rouen is an important cultural capital. respective celebrated establishments are located here, such as the Museum of Fine Arts, the Secq des Tournelles museum, and Rouen Cathedral. seat of an archdiocese, it besides hosts a court of appeal and a university. Every four to six years, Rouen becomes the case for a large assembly of sailing ships called “ L’Armada ” ; this consequence makes the city an periodic capital of the maritime global .

history [edit ]

Rouen was founded by the Gaulish tribe of the Veliocasses, who controlled a bombastic area in the lower Seine valley. They called it Ratumacos ; the Romans called it Rotomagus. It was considered the second city of Gallia Lugdunensis after Lugdunum ( Lyon ) itself. Under the reorganization of Diocletian, Rouen was the foreman city of the separate province Gallia Lugdunensis II and reached the apogee of its Roman exploitation, with an amphitheater and thermae of which foundations remain. In the fifth century, it became the seat of a diocese and later a capital of merovingian Neustria. From their first penetration into the lower valley of the Seine in 841, the Normans invade Rouen. From 912, Rouen was the capital of the Duchy of Normandy and residence of the local dukes, until William the Conqueror moved his mansion to Caen. [ 5 ] In 1150, Rouen received its establish charter which permitted self-government. During the twelfth hundred, Rouen was the site of a yeshiva known as La Maison Sublime. Discovered in 1976, it is nowadays a museum. [ 6 ] At that meter, about 6,000 Jews lived in the town, comprising about 20 % of the population. On 24 June 1204 King Philip II Augustus of France entered Rouen and definitively annex Normandy to the french Kingdom. He demolished the Norman palace and replaced it with his own, the Château Bouvreuil, built on the site of the Gallo-Roman amphitheater. A textile industry developed based on wool imported from England, for which the cities of Flanders and Brabant were constantly competitors, and finding its market in the Champagne fair. Rouen besides depended for its prosperity on the river dealings of the Seine, on which it enjoyed a monopoly that reached as far upriver as Paris. In the 13th and 14th centuries urban discord threatened the city : in 1291, the mayor was assassinated and lord residences in the city were pillaged. Philip IV reimposed ordering and suppressed the city ‘s charter and the lucrative monopoly on river traffic, but he was quite volition to allow the Rouennais to repurchase their old liberties in 1294. In 1306, he decided to expel the Jewish community of Rouen, then numbering some five or six thousand. In 1389, another urban disgust of the lower class occurred, the Harelle. It was suppressed with the secession of Rouen ‘s charter and river-traffic privileges once more. During the Hundred Years ‘ War, on 19 January 1419, Rouen surrendered to Henry V of England, who annexed Normandy once again to the Plantagenet domains but Rouen did not go restfully : Alain Blanchard hanged english prisoners from the walls, for which he was summarily executed while Canon and Vicar General of Rouen Robert de Livet became a hero for excommunicating the English baron, resulting in de Livet ‘s imprisonment for five years in England. Joan of Arc, who supported a return to french convention, was burned at the interest on 30 May 1431 in this city, where most inhabitants supported the duke of Burgundy, the french king ‘s foe. The king of France, Charles VII, recaptured the township in 1449. Rouen was staunchly Catholic during the french Wars of Religion, and underwent an abortive five-month siege in 1591/2 by the Protestant King Henry IV of France and an english effect commanded by the Earl of Essex. A brief history by an english player has survived. See ‘Memoirs of Robert Carey ‘, ( F.H.Mares ( ed. ), Oxford, 1972 ), pp. 18–21. The first competitive motor rush ran from Paris to Rouen in 1894. During the german occupation in World War II, the Kriegsmarine had its headquarters located in a chateau on what is immediately the Rouen Business School. The city was heavily damaged during the same war on D-day, and its celebrated cathedral was about destroyed by Allied bombard .

Main sights [edit ]

Left to right : St Ouen, Notre Dame, St Maclou Rouen is known for its Rouen Cathedral, with its Tour de Beurre ( butter tower ) financed by the sale of indulgences for the consumption of butter during Lent. The cathedral ‘s medieval façade ( completed in the sixteenth century ) was the submit of a series of paintings by Claude Monet, some of which are exhibited in the Musée d’Orsay in Paris. The Gros Horloge is an astronomic clock dating back to the fourteenth century. [ 7 ] It is located in the Gros Horloge street .

( ) place Barthélémy with the church St Maclou, 360°-panorama 2019 other celebrated structures include Rouen Castle, whose keep is known as the tour Jeanne d’Arc, where Joan of Arc was brought in 1431 to be threatened with anguish ( contrary to democratic impression, she was not imprisoned there but in the since destroyed tour de lady Pucelle ) ; the Church of Saint Ouen ( 12th–15th hundred ) ; the Palais de Justice, which was once the seat of the Parlement ( french court of law ) of Normandy ; the Gothic Church of St Maclou ( fifteenth century ) ; and the Museum of Fine Arts and Ceramics which contains a excellent collection of faïence and porcelain for which Rouen was renowned during the 16th to 18th centuries. Rouen is besides noted for its surviving half-timber buildings. There are many museums in Rouen : the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen, an art museum with pictures of long-familiar painters such as Claude Monet and Géricault ; the Musée nautical fluvial et portuaire, a museum on the history of the port of Rouen and seafaring ; Musée des antiquités, [ 8 ] an artwork and history museum with local works from the Bronze Age through the Renaissance, the Musée de la céramique and the Musée Le Secq des Tournelles. The Jardin des Plantes de Rouen is a luminary botanic garden once owned by scottish banker John Law dated from 1840 in its present imprint. It was the web site of Élisa Garnerin ‘s chute jump from a balloon in 1817. In the center of the Place du Vieux Marché ( the site of Joan of Arc ‘s pyre ) [ 9 ] is the modern church of St Joan of Arc. This is a large, modern structure which dominates the square. The class of the construction represents an overturned viking boat and a fish human body. [ 10 ] Rouen was besides home to the french Grand Prix, hosting the race at the nearby Rouen-Les-Essarts track sporadically between 1952 and 1968. In 1999 Rouen authorities demolished the grandstands and early remnants of Rouen ‘s racing past. today, little remains beyond the public roads that formed the lap. Rouen has an opera house, whose ball name is “ Rouen Normandy Opera House – Theatre of Arts ” ( in french : Opéra de Rouen Normandie – Théâtre des arts ) .

climate [edit ]

Rouen has an oceanic climate ( Cfb in the Köppen climate classification ) .

transmit [edit ]

Mainline trains operate from Gare de Rouen-Rive-Droite to Le Havre and Paris, and regional trains to Caen, Dieppe and other local destinations in Normandy. Daily direct trains operate to Amiens and Lille, and aim TGVs ( high-speed trains ) connect daily with Lyon and Marseille. City transportation in Rouen consists of a streetcar and a bus system. The tramway branches into two lines out of a tunnel under the city centre. Rouen is besides served by TEOR ( Transport Est-Ouest Rouennais ) and by buses run in junction with the tramline by TCAR ( Transports en commun de l’agglomération rouennaise ), a subordinate of Transdev. Rouen has its own airport. The Seine is a major bloc for maritime cargo links in the Port of Rouen. The Cross-Channel ferry ports of Caen, Le Havre, Dieppe ( 50 minutes ) and Calais, and the Channel Tunnel are within easy driving distance ( two and a half hours or less ) .

administration [edit ]

Rouen and its metropolitan sphere of 70 suburban communes form the Métropole Rouen Normandie, with 494,382 inhabitants at the 2010 census. In descending order of population, the largest of these suburbs are Sotteville-lès-Rouen, Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, Le Grand-Quevilly, Le Petit-Quevilly, and Mont-Saint-Aignan, each with a population exceeding 20,000 .

population [edit ]

education [edit ]

The independent schools of higher education are the University of Rouen and NEOMA Business School ( former École Supérieure de Commerce de Rouen ), ésitpa ( agronomy and agribusiness ), both located at nearby Mont-Saint-Aignan, and the INSA Rouen, ESIGELEC and the CESI, both at nearby Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray .

Performing arts [edit ]

The main opera party in Rouen is the Opéra de Rouen – Normandie. The caller performs in the Théâtre des Arts, 7 repent du Docteur Rambert. The company presents opera, classical and other types of music, both vocal and implemental, adenine well as dance performances. [ 16 ] Every five years, the city hosts the large nautical exhibition, L’Armada. [ 17 ]

celebrated people [edit ]

Rouen was the birthplace of :

International relations [edit ]

Rouen is twinned with :

sculpture [edit ]

During the second half of the twentieth hundred, several sculptures by Jean-Yves Lechevallier were erected in the city .
Artist Arne Quinze Inaugurated in 2010, the Rouen Impressionnée hosted the contemporary urban ( ra ) development [ 23 ] facility sculpt ‘Camille ‘ by belgian artist Arne Quinze. Quinze ‘s use of interlocking systems in sculpt use wood, concrete, paint and metallic. The Quasi-Quinze [ 24 ] method of sculpt use structural integrity and randomness as key elements for ‘Camille ‘. Located on the Boieldieu Bridge in the center of Rouen, this intentional location was chosen by the artist [ 25 ] to magnify the diachronic separation of its city ‘s citizens .

Representations in art [edit ]

Rouen Cathedral is the subject of a series of paintings by the Impressionist painter Claude Monet, who painted the same setting at different times of the sidereal day. Two paintings are in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. ; two are in the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow ; one is in the National Museum of Serbia in Belgrade. The calculate respect of one paint is over $ 40 million .

heraldry [edit ]

The arms of Rouen are blazoned : Gules, a pascal lamb, haloed and contorny, holding a banner argent charged with a cross Or, and on a chief azure, 3 fleurs de lys Or This may be rendered, “ On a crimson background a haloed whiten pascal lamb looking back over its shoulder ( contorny ) holds a white banner bearing a gold cross ; above, a across-the-board blue band across the lead bears 3 gold fleurs de lis ”. On the front of the “ Grand Poste ” ( rue Jeanne d’Arc ), the banner is charged with a leopard ( the lion passant seen on Norman and English arms ). This was the official seal of Rouen at the beginning of the twelfth century, before Normandy was incorporated into capetian France

See besides [edit ]

References [edit ]